Discontinued drugs — All discontinued drugs

300 discontinued or failed pharmaceutical compounds. Why they failed, sponsors, mechanisms, therapeutic area. Updated nightly.

Drug development has roughly a 90% failure rate. This tracker catalogues compounds that were halted in clinical development or withdrawn after marketing, with the documented reason and the sponsor. Useful for understanding what's worked vs. what hasn't in a given disease, mechanism, or class.

• (-)-Irofulven · Oncology
  Irofulven works by inhibiting the serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2, a protein involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation.
• Alfarol · Nephrology · alfacalcidol
  Alfarol works by activating vitamin D receptors in the body, which helps regulate calcium levels.
• Aptosyn · Other
  Aptosyn works by binding to the endothelin-1 receptor, which is involved in cell growth and proliferation.
• Arasine · Cardiovascular · acadesine
  Arasine works by increasing the levels of adenosine in the body, which helps to improve cardiac function and reduce ischemia.
• Azurene · Pain · bromperidol
  Azurene works by binding to the Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1, which is involved in various cellular processes.
• Cergodum · Hematology · nicergoline
  Nicergoline works by increasing blood flow to the brain and improving cognitive function.
• Chelen · Pain · ethyl chloride
  Ethyl chloride works by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
• Chondroitin Sulphate · Ophthalmology · chondroitin sulfate
  Chondroitin Sulphate works by interacting with proteoglycans in the eye to facilitate surgical procedures.
• Chromium Tripicolinate · Metabolic
  Chromium Picolinate works by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
• Cicletanide · Other · cicletanine
  Cicletanine works by interacting with a specific cellular pathway to produce its therapeutic effects.
• Clopixol · Neuroscience · High Risk QT Prolonging Agents
  Clopixol works by blocking the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6, which helps to regulate mood and reduce symptoms of schizophrenia.
• Cyproviron · Pain · cyproterone
  Cyproterone acetate works by binding to the progesterone receptor, thereby blocking the effects of androgens and estrogens on the body.
• Docusate · Hematology · docusate sodium
  Docusate sodium works by increasing the solubility of bile salts in the gut, allowing more water to be absorbed into the stool.
• Doridamina · Oncology · lonidamine
  Doridamina works by inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2, which is involved in the production of energy within cells.
• Drotaverin · Other · drotaverine
  Drotaverine works by blocking calcium channels in smooth muscle cells, preventing muscle spasms.
• Durazanil · Neuroscience · bromazepam
  Durazanil works by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm excessive brain activity.
• Emineurina · Neuroscience · clomethiazole
  Emineurina works by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm excessive brain activity.
• Estracty · Oncology · Alkylating Drug
  Estramustine works by attaching an alkyl group to DNA, interfering with cell division and ultimately killing cancer cells.
• Fenoximone · Other · enoximone
  Fenoximone works by inhibiting the enzyme Phosphodiesterase 4, which breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a molecule that helps regulate various cellular processes.
• Fluanxol · Neuroscience · High Risk QT Prolonging Agents
  Flupentixol works by blocking the histamine H1 receptor, which helps regulate various physiological processes including mood and cognition.
• Flubuperone · Other · melperone
  Flubuperone works by selectively blocking the D(3) dopamine receptor, which helps regulate mood and emotional responses.
• Frenactil · Pain · benperidol
  Frenactil works by blocking the action of dopamine at the D(2) receptor, which is involved in regulating behavior and motivation.
• Galactopyranose · Metabolic · galactose
  Galactose works by interacting with cellular receptors and enzymes to influence various biological pathways.
• Gefarnyl · Respiratory · gefarnate
  Gefarnate works by inhibiting the enzyme involved in the production of leukotrienes, which are pro-inflammatory mediators.
• Hydroconquinine · Cardiovascular · hydroquinidine
  Hydroquinidine works by blocking potassium channels in the heart to help regulate heart rhythm.
• Imferon · Hematology
  Imferon works by providing the body with iron, a crucial component for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
• Inosital · Metabolic · inositol
  Inosital works by influencing the metabolism of lipids in the body.
• Jenzyl · Other · ridaforolimus
  Jenzyl blocks the mTOR pathway, which is a key regulator of cell growth and division.
• Kanarb · Cardiovascular
  Kanarb works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure.
• L-Leucine · Other · leucine
  L-Leucine works by binding to a specific transporter in the body that helps regulate the uptake of amino acids.
• Levocarnitine Acetyl · Neuroscience · Carnitine Analog
  Acetylcarnitine works by supporting the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria, where they can be used for energy production.
• Levovir · Infectious Disease · clevudine
  Levovir works by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, specifically targeting the hepatitis B virus.
• Lorcam · Pain · lornoxicam
  Lorcam works by blocking the COX-2 enzyme, which reduces the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation.
• Lycored · Other · lycopene
  Lycored works by interacting with cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.
• Methylglyoxal Bis(Guanylhydrazone) · Oncology · mitoguazone
  Mitoguazone works by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is involved in DNA synthesis and repair.
• Methyllorazepam · Neuroscience · lormetazepam
  Lormetazepam works by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA, which helps to calm the brain and induce sleep.
• Motens · Cardiovascular · lacidipine
  Lacidipine works by blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure.
• Muphoran · Other · fotemustine
  Fotemustine works by cross-linking DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.
• Neozepam · Neuroscience · nitrazepam
  Neozepam works by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm down overactive brain activity.
• Nitrepin · Hematology · nitrendipine
  Nitrendipine works by blocking calcium channels in blood vessel walls, causing them to relax and widen.
• Nycoton · Neuroscience · chloral hydrate
  Nycoton works by acting as a central nervous system depressant, slowing down brain activity to induce sleep or anesthesia.
• Pidolic Acid Magnesium Salt · Other · magnesium pidolate
  Magnesium pidolate works by providing the body with magnesium ions, which are essential for various cellular processes.
• Procylin · Cardiovascular · beraprost
  Procylin works by activating the prostacyclin receptor, which helps to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.
• Pteramina · Oncology · aminopterin
  Pteramina works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division.
• Redeptin · Neuroscience · fluspirilene
  Redeptin works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
• Rimatil · Immunology · bucillamine
  Bucillamine works by binding to copper ions in the body, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Sasapyrine · Immunology · salsalate
  Salsalate works by inhibiting the enzyme COX-1 and COX-2, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins.
• Sulpirid · Neuroscience · High Risk QT Prolonging Agents
  Sulpiride works by blocking the action of carbonic anhydrase 6, an enzyme that helps regulate the balance of acid and base in the brain.
• Thiapride · Neuroscience · tiapride
  Thiapride works by blocking the D(4) dopamine receptor, which helps to regulate mood and reduce symptoms of certain psychiatric conditions.
• Trichloracetic Acid · Infectious Disease · trichloroacetic acid
  Trichloroacetic acid works by directly destroying infected cells on the skin's surface.
• Trilisate · Immunology · choline magnesium trisalicylate
  Trilisate works by blocking the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause pain and inflammation.
• Vadebex · Oncology · noscapine
  Vadebex works by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which can lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
• Vastarel · Cardiovascular · trimetazidine
  Trimetazidine works by optimizing the heart's energy production, reducing the amount of oxygen required by the heart muscle.
• Vinyl Alcohol Polymer · Ophthalmology
  Polyvinyl alcohol works by forming a protective barrier on the surface of the eye to help repair and maintain the tear film.
• Vitamin Mk 4 · Hematology · menatetrenone
  Menatetrenone works by acting as a vitamin K analog to promote blood clotting.
• Vynfinit · Oncology · vintafolide
  Vynfinit works by binding to folate receptor beta, which is overexpressed in certain cancer cells, and delivering a toxic payload to these cells.
• Xyvion · Bone · tibolone
  Xyvion works by binding to the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter, which helps regulate serotonin levels in the body.
• Yohimbin · Cardiovascular · yohimbine
  Yohimbine works by blocking the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, which increases the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, leading to increased alertness and energy.
• ACAPATAMAB · Oncology
  Acapatamab is a treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer studied in clinical trials with up to 212 participants.
• MK-2206 · Oncology
  MK-2206 is an investigational AKT inhibitor studied in lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma trials, typically combined with other drugs.
• FERRIC SULFATE · Other · ferric sulfate
  Ferric sulfate works by binding to iron in the body, helping to treat conditions related to iron overload.
• GADOTERIC ACID · Other · gadoteric acid
  Gadoteric acid works by altering the magnetic properties of MRI images to enhance contrast.
• SULTAMICILLIN · Infectious Disease · sultamicillin
  Sultamicillin works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
• SATRAPLATIN · Oncology · satraplatin
  Satraplatin works by inhibiting the enzyme DNA repair, which allows cancer-killing chemotherapy drugs to be more effective.
• GRAPIPRANT · Pain
  Grapiprant works by blocking the EP4 receptor, which is involved in pain and inflammation.
• VILOBELIMAB · Immunology
  12.1 Mechanism of Action GOHIBIC is a chimeric monoclonal IgG4-kappa antibody that binds to C5a with a dissociation constant of 9.6pM and blocks its interaction with the C5a receptor. C5a is part of the complement system and is activated as part of the innate immune response initiating an inflammatory cascade that includes increased vascular permeability, coagulation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and recruitment and activation of neutrophils and other myeloid cells.
• ABT-925 · Neuroscience
  ABT-925 is an experimental drug studied in people with worsening schizophrenia to see if it is safe and effective.
• ABAGOVOMAB · Oncology
  Abagovomab is a vaccine that helps the immune system fight ovarian cancer by targeting tumor cells.
• RUBOXISTAURIN · Other · ruboxistaurin
  RUBOXISTAURIN works by blocking a specific enzyme called Protein Kinase C theta type, which is involved in inflammation and fibrosis.
• MOMETASONE · Oncology
  12.1 Mechanism of Action Mometasone furoate nasal spray is a corticosteroid demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory properties. The precise mechanism of corticosteroid action on allergic rhinitis is not known. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of effects on multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and cytokines) involved in inflammation. In two clinical studies utilizing nasal antigen challenge, mometasone furoate nasal spray decreased some markers of the early- and late-phase allergic response. These observations included decreases (vs. placebo) in histamine and eosinophil cationic protein levels, and reductions (vs. baseline) in eosinophils, neutrophils, and epithelial cell adhesion proteins. The clinical significance of these findings is not known. The effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray on nasal mucosa following 12 months of treatment was examined in 46 patients with allergic rhinitis. There was no evidence of atrophy and there was a marked reduction in intraepithelial eosinophilia and inflammatory cell infiltration (e.g., eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and plasma cells).
• LUCANTHONE · Oncology
  LUCANTHONE works by inhibiting DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair.
• ABIVERTINIB · Oncology
  Abivertinib is being studied in trials for prostate cancer and in hospitalized patients to assess its safety and how the body processes it.
• ABITUZUMAB · Oncology
  Abituzumab is being studied as a treatment for different cancers, including those that have spread to the liver.
• ICLAPRIM · Infectious Disease · iclaprim
  ICLAPRIM works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for bacterial DNA synthesis.
• ALEGLITAZAR · Metabolic
  Aleglitazar is being studied to see if it can lower cardiovascular risk and improve heart function in people with diabetes.
• PAZUFLOXACIN · Infectious Disease · pazufloxacin
  Pazufloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
• ADA-011 · Oncology
  ADA-011 is being tested in a Phase 1 trial for patients with advanced solid tumors.
• ADEFOVIR · Infectious Disease
  Adefovir is an antiviral medication used to treat chronic hepatitis B in adults and adolescents, with common side effects including fatigue, headache, and stomach pain.
• EFAPROXIRAL · Gastroenterology · efaproxiral
  EFAPROXIRAL works by binding to and stabilizing hemoglobin, reducing the formation of methemoglobin and improving oxygen delivery to tissues.
• ADRABETADEX · Cardiovascular
  ADRABETADEX is being tested in clinical trials for cold sores, a rare genetic disorder, and stroke.
• CAMOSTAT · Gastroenterology · camostat
  CAMOSTAT works by blocking the activity of hepsin, a protease that contributes to inflammation and tissue damage.
• ABEQUOLIXRON · Oncology
  Abequolixron is being studied with Durvalumab in a small lung cancer clinical trial.
• DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE · Other
  12.1 Mechanism of Action The exact mechanism of action of diazoxide choline in the treatment of hyperphagia in patients 4 years of age and older with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is unknown.
• ARTEFENOMEL · Other
  Artefenomel is an experimental malaria drug tested in adults as a single dose, sometimes combined with other malaria medicines.
• ALISPORIVIR · Infectious Disease
  Alisporivir is an experimental hepatitis C drug tested in small Phase 2 trials for patients with chronic HCV infection.
• SULOPENEM · Infectious Disease
  12.1 Mechanism of Action ORLYNVAH is a combination of sulopenem etzadroxil, a penem antibacterial drug [see Microbiology 12.4 ] and probenecid, a renal tubular transport inhibitor.
• ABT-126 · Neuroscience
  ABT-126 is being studied as a potential treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in clinical trials.
• FLOMOXEF · Infectious Disease · flomoxef
  FLOMOXEF works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
• AZILSARTAN · Cardiovascular
  12.1 Mechanism of Action The active ingredients of Edarbyclor target two separate mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation.
• ABM-1310 · Oncology
  ABM-1310 is an experimental cancer drug tested in early trials for advanced tumors and BRAF-mutant cancers.
• ALBINTERFERON ALFA-2B · Infectious Disease
  This drug is a long-acting interferon used with ribavirin to treat chronic hepatitis B and C.
• vargatef · ARCAGY/ GINECO GROUP · Oncology
• Prudoxin · Aalborg University · Other
• Coreg · Aaron J. Janowsky · Other
• Budiglimab · AbbVie · Other
• Ravaglimab · AbbVie · Other
• Ampligen · Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine · Other
• Fusilev · Acrotech Biopharma Inc. · Other
• Folotyn · Acrotech Biopharma Inc. · Oncology
• Ro 65-5788 · Advanz · Infectious Disease · ceftobiprole medocaril
  Ceftobiprole medocaril works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
• Vivomixx · Aga Khan University · Other
• Talactoferrin · Agennix · Other
• Microtransplantation · Ahmed Galal, MD · Other
• Sylatron · Aiwu Ruth He, MD · Other
• denogan · Ajou University School of Medicine · Other
• OligoG Dry powder for inhalation · AlgiPharma AS · Infectious Disease · Anti-biofilm agent; inhaled oligosaccharide therapeutic
  OligoG is an inhaled oligosaccharide that disrupts bacterial biofilm formation and reduces pathogenic adherence in cystic fibrosis airways.
• celgene · Allegheny Singer Research Institute (also known as Allegheny Health Network Research Institute) · Other
• Alflutinib · Allist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Other
• Timoptic · Altheos, Inc. · Other
• Taxoprexin · American Regent, Inc. · Other
• Ampion · Ampio Pharmaceuticals. Inc. · Other
• Betamarc · Anaborex · Other
• Venipuncture · Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Marseille · Other
• Galida · AstraZeneca · Other
• pegfiligrastim · AstraZeneca · Other
• Oraxol · Athenex, Inc. · Other
• Fluourouracil · Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group · Other
• Triluma · Azidus Brasil · Other
• Mucodentol · Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University · Other
• Zactima · Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute · Oncology
• Adoport · Barts & The London NHS Trust · Other
• Plasmin · Bausch & Lomb Incorporated · Other
• Viramidine · Bausch Health Americas, Inc. · Other
• Retigabine · Bausch Health Americas, Inc. · Neuroscience
• Jevtana · Bayer · Oncology
• Jaydess · Bayer · Other
• Visudyne · Bayer · Ophthalmology
• Cholates · Baylor Research Institute · Other
• Optivate · Bio Products Laboratory · Other
• Buprenorphine and naloxone · BioDelivery Sciences International · Pain
  12.1 Mechanism of Action Buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual tablet contains buprenorphine and naloxone. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kappa-opioid receptor. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and produces opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms in individuals physically dependent on full opioid agonists when administered parenterally.
• Tregopil · Biocon Limited · Other
• Voluven · Biopure Corporation · Other
• Gerilimzumab · Bird Rock Bio, Inc. · Other
• Actilyse · Boehringer Ingelheim · Other
• Savella · Brigham and Women's Hospital · Other
• Yervoy · Bristol-Myers Squibb · Oncology · CTLA-4-directed Blocking Antibody
  Yervoy blocks a protein called CTLA-4, which normally helps to turn off the immune system, allowing it to attack cancer cells.
• Pemexetred · Bristol-Myers Squibb · Other
• Benadryl · Brooke Army Medical Center · Neuroscience
• Nasulin · CPEX Pharmaceuticals Inc. · Other
• Biostate · CSL Behring · Other
• Chrysalin · Capstone Therapeutics · Other
• Lymphodepleting · Celgene · Other
• Progestagen · Center for Epidemiology and Health Research, Germany · Other
• Biopsies · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon · Other
• venipunctures · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon · Other
• Cernevit · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon · Other
• Bloodwork · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes · Hematology
• blood · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens · Hematology
• Tiscover · Chantal Blok · Other
• Leeches · Charite University, Berlin, Germany · Other
• Glandosane · Charite University, Berlin, Germany · Other
• Ribavarin · Charles University, Czech Republic · Infectious Disease
• Tavneos · Chemocentryx · Rare Disease · Complement 5a Receptor Antagonist
  Tavneos blocks the action of a chemical called C5a, which is involved in inflammation and damage to blood vessels.
• xifaxan · Children's Hospital Los Angeles · Infectious Disease
• Acthrel · Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City · Other
• ocrelizumabu 200mg · Chugai Pharmaceutical · Immunology · B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody; immunosuppressant
  Ocrelizumab selectively depletes CD20+ B lymphocytes to suppress autoimmune-mediated inflammation.
• Biomarkers · Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal · Other
• Dobutamin · Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects · Cardiovascular
• Trinessa · Corewell Health East · Other
• Xydalba · Correvio International Sarl · Infectious Disease
• Kollagenase · Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos Ltda. · Other
• Cannabichromene · Crystal Lederhos Smith · Other
• Technegas · Cyclomedica Australia PTY Limited · Other
• Mitoquinone · D'Or Institute for Research and Education · Other
• Iressa · David Adelstein · Oncology
• Azedra · David Bushnell · Nephrology
• Osteodex · DexTech Medical AB · Other
• Polyglucoferron · Dr. Frank Behrens · Other
• Jalyn · Dr. J. Curtis Nickel · Other
• Dextromethophan · Duke University · Rare Disease
• Olaparib Oral Product · Duke University · Oncology · PARP inhibitor (DNA repair inhibitor)
  Olaparib inhibits poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzymes to impair DNA repair in cancer cells with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency.
• Temodar · Duke University · Other
• Goofice · EA Pharma · Gastroenterology
  Goofice works by inhibiting the ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter to stimulate bowel movements.
• Atenas · EMS · Other
• Tradjenta · EMS · Metabolic
• Egito · EMS · Other
• Metclopramide · East Tennessee State University · Other
• Tazverik · Edwin Posadas, MD · Oncology
• Ly-Cov555 · Eli Lilly and Company · Infectious Disease
  Ly-Cov555 works by binding to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and preventing it from entering host cells.
• Flomax · Emory University · Other
• Antimicrobials · Endeavor Health · Infectious Disease
• Resusix · Entegrion, Inc. · Other
• Incretinomimetics · Erasme University Hospital · Other
• Azole · Erasmus Medical Center · Other
• Alsertib · Eric Bernicker, MD · Other
• methoxypsoralen · European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC · Other
• Hemorrane · Faes Farma, S.A. · Other
• Gelofusin · Fenerbahce University · Other
• Pentasa · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · Other
• Lutrepulse · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · Other
• Merotocin · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · Other
• Novarel · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · Other
• Chemo · First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University · Other
• Gypenosides · First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University · Other
• Nozin · Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center · Other
• chemoprotection · Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center · Other
• pentoxyphilline · French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis · Other
• Nexavar · Fujian Medical University · Oncology
• Aselend · Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation · Immunology · sodium selenite
  Aselend works by providing the body with selenium, an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions.
• Cloxacilin · Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud · Other
• Privigen · Georgetown University · Other
• Fostimon · German Hospital, Istanbul · Other
• Arzerra · Glaxo Grp Ltd · Oncology · CD20-directed Cytolytic Antibody
  Arzerra works by binding to the CD20 protein on B cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system.
• Capoten · GlaxoSmithKline · Other
• Capozide · GlaxoSmithKline · Other
• Oxbryta · Global Blood Theraps · Hematology · Hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor
  Voxelotor inhibits HbS polymerization by increasing oxygen affinity, potentially reducing RBC sickling and improving deformability.
• Depocyt · Goethe University · Other
• Macugen · Greater Houston Retina Research · Ophthalmology
• Alphanate · Grifols Therapeutics LLC · Other
• Daunorubicine · Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto · Oncology
• Andrographolides · Gu Yanhong · Other
• misprostol · Gynuity Health Projects · Other
• Mogamulizumab-Kpkc · H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute · Oncology · Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Interaction [EPC]
  12.1 Mechanism of Action Mogamulizumab-kpkc is a defucosylated, humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to CCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor for CC chemokines that is involved in the trafficking of lymphocytes to various organs. Non-clinical in vitro studies demonstrate mogamulizumab-kpkc binding targets a cell for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) resulting in depletion of the target cells. CCR4 is expressed on the surface of some T-cell malignancies and is expressed on regulatory T-cells (Treg) and a subset of Th2 T-cells.
• Leukapheresis · H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute · Other
• Liberase · Healeon Medical Inc · Other
• Turkovac · Health Institutes of Turkey · Other
• Bevacizumb · Hellenic Oncology Research Group · Other
• Pemetrexate · Hellenic Oncology Research Group · Other
• Netupitant and Palonosetron · Helsinn Healthcare SA · Oncology · Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist [EPC]
  12.1 Mechanism of Action Netupitant is a selective antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors. Palonosetron is a 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist with a strong binding affinity for this receptor and little or no affinity for other receptors. Cancer chemotherapy may be associated with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting, particularly when certain agents, such as cisplatin, are used. 5-HT 3 receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. Chemotherapeutic agents produce nausea and vomiting by stimulating the release of serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine. Serotonin then activates 5-HT 3 receptors located on vagal afferents to initiate the vomiting reflex. The development of acute emesis is known to depend on serotonin and its 5-HT 3 receptors have been demonstrated to selectively stimulate the emetic response. Delayed emesis has been largely associated with the activation of tachykinin family neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors (broadly distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems) by substance P. As shown in in vitro and in vivo studies, netupitant inhibits substance P mediated responses.
• Gelfoam · Henry Ford Health System · Other
• Procellera · Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine · Other
• Onureg · Hikma Pharmaceuticals LLC · Other
• pemetrexel · Hoffmann-La Roche · Other
• Tolsura · Hong Nguyen · Other
• Heparine · Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon · Other
• Hyalgan · Hospital for Special Surgery, New York · Other
• Electrochemotherapy · IGEA · Other
• Bryhali · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Other
• Dermabond · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Other
• predisolone · Imperial College London · Other
• parsaclisinib · Incyte Corporation · Other
• Adjuvant · Insight Molecular Diagnostics · Other
• Zarnestra · Institut Claudius Regaud · Other
• Liberal · Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India · Other
• Metaclopramide · Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India · Metabolic
• Presendin · Invex Therapeutics Ltd. · Other
• Candin · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Other
• Odalasvir 75 mg · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Infectious Disease · Direct-acting antiviral (DAA); NS5A inhibitor
  Odalasvir inhibits hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to block viral replication and assembly.
• ODV 25 mg · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Infectious Disease · Direct-acting antiviral (DAA); NS5A inhibitor
  Odalasvir inhibits hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to block viral replication and assembly.
• Xilonix · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Other
• Odalasvir 25 mg · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Infectious Disease · Direct-acting antiviral (DAA); NS5A inhibitor
  Odalasvir inhibits hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to block viral replication and assembly.
• Rabeprazol · Janssen-Cilag, S.A. · Gastroenterology
• ODSH at 0.125 mg/kg/h · Jazz Pharmaceuticals · Immunology · Protein sequestrant; modified polysaccharide; orphan therapeutic
  ODSH is a modified chitosan polymer that binds intestinal lymphatic proteins to reduce protein loss in enteropathy.
• Dociparstat · Jazz Pharmaceuticals · Other
• Carelizumab · Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd. · Other
• Cipatinib · Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd. · Other
• deplin · John D. Dingell VA Medical Center · Other
• Shanchol · Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health · Other
• Nitramyl · Johns Hopkins University · Respiratory · amyl nitrite
  Nitramyl works by rapidly converting cyanide into a less toxic compound through a process called cytochrome c oxidase inhibition.
• Januvia · Johns Hopkins University · Metabolic
• Epogen · Johns Hopkins University · Hematology
• Remicade · Johnson & Johnson · Oncology · Monoclonal antibody
  Infliximab binds to TNFα, blocking its interaction with receptors, reducing inflammation and immune responses.
• Evomela · Koen van Besien · Other
• Livalo · Kowa Research Institute, Inc. · Metabolic
• Picato · LEO Pharma · Other
• Cromoglicate · LEO Pharma · Respiratory
• Krytantek · Laboratorios Sophia S.A de C.V. · Other
• Doxorubin · Lahey Clinic · Other
• Euphrasia · Larkin Community Hospital · Other
• Fezagepras · Liminal BioSciences Ltd. · Other
• Promitil · Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Inc. · Other
• Clavulin · London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's · Other
• Caelyx · Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research · Other
• Etoricoxibe · Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich · Other
• pentoxiphylline · Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center · Other
• Phenergan · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Caphosol · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Anvirzel · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Vioxx · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Immunology
• Haelan · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Genasense · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Velban · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Other
• Femara · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Oncology
• oxetacaine · MEDA Pharma GmbH & Co. KG · Other
• Carnitor · Maastricht University Medical Center · Other
• Raplixa · Mallinckrodt · Other
• Scheduled · Mansoura University · Other
• Psychopharmaceuticals · Marie Ociskova · Other
• nitroaspirin · Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research · Other
• seromycin · Massachusetts General Hospital · Infectious Disease
• Eovist · Massachusetts General Hospital · Gastroenterology
• Dacogen · Mayo Clinic · Oncology
• withdrawal · McGill University · Other
• Polycose · McMaster University · Other
• Combigan · McMaster University · Other
• Sinecod · McNeil AB · Other
• implantation · Medgenics Medical Israel Ltd. · Other
• Activase · Medical College of Wisconsin · Cardiovascular
• Suntent · Medical University Innsbruck · Other
• Oligomeric Procyanidin Complex · Medical University of South Carolina · Oncology · Botanical antioxidant, polyphenol
  Oligomeric procyanidins are plant-derived polyphenols that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation.
• Dimebon · Medivation, Inc. · Other
• eptifibitide · Medstar Health Research Institute · Other
• Myramistin · Megainpharm GmbH · Other
• pentoxyphylline · Meir Medical Center · Other
• Nifedlipine · MemorialCare · Other
• ilixadencel · Mendus · Other
• Crixivan · Merck & Co. · Immunology · indinavir
  Crixivan blocks the replication of HIV by inhibiting the protease enzyme, which is essential for the virus to produce new particles.
• Zepatier · Merck & Co. · Infectious Disease
  Zepatier blocks the NS3/4A protease enzyme, preventing the hepatitis C virus from replicating.
• Donepepzil · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · Other
• Aminoglycosides · Methodist Health System · Metabolic

See also

• All drugs (active development)
• 2025 readouts
• 2026 readouts