p-value
The probability of seeing the observed (or more extreme) result if the null hypothesis were true.
Definition
A p-value is the probability under the null hypothesis (no treatment effect) of observing data at least as extreme as what was seen. Convention: p<0.05 = "statistically significant", but most modern Phase 3 oncology trials pre-specify p<0.025 for primary endpoints (alpha split for interim analyses).
See also
- HR — The relative risk of an event (progression, death) in the treatment vs. control arm.
- Primary endpoint — The pre-specified outcome measure used to determine whether a trial succeeded.