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Human Insulin Inhalation Powder
Human insulin delivered via inhalation powder replaces or supplements endogenous insulin to regulate blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and utilization in peripheral tissues.
Human insulin delivered via inhalation powder replaces or supplements endogenous insulin to regulate blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and utilization in peripheral tissues. Used for Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
At a glance
| Generic name | Human Insulin Inhalation Powder |
|---|---|
| Also known as | LY 041001, LY041001 |
| Sponsor | Eli Lilly and Company |
| Drug class | Insulin (rapid-acting inhalation formulation) |
| Target | Insulin receptor |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Diabetes |
| Phase | Phase 3 |
Mechanism of action
This formulation delivers recombinant human insulin directly to the lungs for rapid systemic absorption, mimicking the physiological insulin response. It binds to insulin receptors on muscle, adipose, and hepatic cells to facilitate glucose uptake and storage while suppressing hepatic glucose production. The inhalation route provides faster onset compared to subcutaneous injection, potentially improving postprandial glucose control.
Approved indications
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common side effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Cough
- Throat irritation
- Bronchospasm
- Injection site reactions (at inhalation site)
Key clinical trials
- Afrezza® INHALE-1 Study in Pediatrics (PHASE3)
- Afrezza With Basal Combination (ABC): Afrezza® Combined With AID Pump or Insulin Degludec in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (PHASE4)
- INHALE-3: Afrezza® Combined With Insulin Degludec Versus Usual Care in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (PHASE4)
- Initiating Mealtime Ultra-Rapid Acting Insulin (Afrezza) in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Patients (PHASE3)
- Afrezza® Dosing Optimization Study (PHASE4)
- Afrezza Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study in Pediatric Patients (PHASE2)
- Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Insulin in Patients With Diabetes and Asthma or COPD (PHASE3)
- A Concordance Study Comparing Insulin Treatments in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PHASE3)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Human Insulin Inhalation Powder CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Human Insulin Inhalation Powder updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Eli Lilly and Company portfolio CI