Adults 16 to 99, male only, with Gonorrhea Male or Chlamydia;M. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.
Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.
Number of Participants Who Received the Dual Gonorrhea/Chlamydia TestingPrimary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Dual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake as assessed by administrative records in each arm.
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
57
Pay-what-you-want
46
Standard-of-care
18
Number of Participants Tested Positive for GonorrheaSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
The number of men who tested positive for gonorrhea through this study. Samples were collected either from urine or rectum.
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
1
Pay-what-you-want
2
Standard of Care
2
Number of Participants Tested Positive for ChlamydiaSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
The is the number of men who tested positive for chlamydia through this study
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
8
Pay-what-you-want
8
Standard of Care
3
Cost Per TestSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Cost per test, defined as the cost associated with respective interventions (development, start-up, implementation, intervention) per individual who reported testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia following the intervention; economic test and financial cost are reported separately.
Using economic cost
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
11.24
± 1.64
Pay-what-you-want
9.67
± 1.46
Standard of Care
6.12
± 1.12
Using financial cost
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
6.52
± 1.48
Pay-what-you-want
6.56
± 1.26
Standard of Care
1.46
± 0.62
Cost Per DiagnosisSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Cost per diagnosis, defined as the cost associated with respective interventions (development, start-up, implementation, intervention) per individual who tested positive for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia following the intervention. Cost using economic cost and financial cost were respectively reported.
Using economic cost
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
11.24
± 1.66
Pay-what-you-want
9.67
± 1.45
Standard of Care
6.12
± 1.13
Using financial cost
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
6.52
± 1.47
Pay-what-you-want
6.56
± 1.29
Standard of Care
1.46
± 0.62
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement ActivitiesSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Number of participants who reported yes/no to specific questions on the awareness of and/or participation in MSM-related causes, organizations, or community events
Have you ever participated in online forums or dis
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
78
Pay-what-you-want
64
Standard of Care
61
Pay-it-forward
17
Pay-what-you-want
28
Standard of Care
29
Are you aware of any ongoing MSM-related community
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
48
Pay-what-you-want
30
Standard of Care
37
Pay-it-forward
45
Pay-what-you-want
62
Standard of Care
52
Have you ever encouraged someone to use MSM-relate
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
77
Pay-what-you-want
72
Standard of Care
70
Pay-it-forward
16
Pay-what-you-want
20
Standard of Care
18
Have you ever attended MSM-related community event
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
31
Pay-what-you-want
23
Standard of Care
23
Pay-it-forward
63
Pay-what-you-want
69
Standard of Care
69
Have you ever donated to MSM-related causes, event
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
41
Pay-what-you-want
30
Standard of Care
23
Pay-it-forward
55
Pay-what-you-want
62
Standard of Care
71
Have you ever volunteered for MSM-related causes
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
19
Pay-what-you-want
13
Standard of Care
14
Pay-it-forward
74
Pay-what-you-want
78
Standard of Care
76
Community Connectedness Scale ScoresSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Community connectedness scales include six statements and Likert scale response ranging from 1= Strongly disagree, 2= Agree, 3= Disagree, and 4= Strongly agree.
For each scale item, the range spans across 1 to 4, with higher score indicating more agreement with the statement and potentially higher community connectedness.
You feel that you are a part of the MSM community.
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
3.32
± 0.74
Pay-what-you-want
3.05
± 0.72
Standard of Care
3.10
± 0.63
Participating in MSM community is a positive thing
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
3.16
± 0.77
Pay-what-you-want
3.00
± 0.73
Standard of Care
3.00
± 0.59
You are proud of the MSM community
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.75
± 0.87
Pay-what-you-want
2.71
± 0.73
Standard of Care
2.78
± 0.78
Important for you to advocate for the community
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
3.24
± 0.67
Pay-what-you-want
3.23
± 0.59
Standard of Care
3.10
± 0.70
If you all work together, problems will be solved
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.92
± 0.83
Pay-what-you-want
2.86
± 0.69
Standard of Care
2.88
± 0.69
Any problems faced by the MSM are also yours
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
3.22
± 0.60
Pay-what-you-want
3.13
± 0.62
Standard of Care
3.02
± 0.63
Social Cohesion Scale ScoresSecondary· During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Social cohesion is a scale made of seven statements and Likert response to them ranging from 1= strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4= strongly agree. Those questions asked about the feelings of being able to depend on a larger MSM community (i.e., tongzhi circle, gay online networks or groups).
For each item, the range spans across 1 to 4. For items 1 to 5, the higher score, the more agreement with the statement and potentially the higher social cohesion. Item 6 and 7 are reversely scored, meaning that the higher the score, the lower social cohesion potentially.
You can count on other MSM to lend money
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.52
± 0.84
Pay-what-you-want
2.57
± 0.76
Standard of Care
2.64
± 0.72
You can count on other MSM to talk about problems
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.98
± 0.69
Pay-what-you-want
2.86
± 0.75
Standard of Care
2.98
± 0.53
You can count on other MSM if you need a place
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.71
± 0.81
Pay-what-you-want
2.73
± 0.76
Standard of Care
2.73
± 0.71
MSM you socialize with is an integrated group
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.63
± 0.71
Pay-what-you-want
2.68
± 0.73
Standard of Care
2.66
± 0.68
You can trust the majority of the MSM you know.
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.74
± 0.71
Pay-what-you-want
2.59
± 0.71
Standard of Care
2.61
± 0.66
MSM in your group only worry about themselves
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.48
± 0.71
Pay-what-you-want
2.54
± 0.76
Standard of Care
2.47
± 0.67
MSM you socialize with are always arguing
Group
Value
95% CI
Pay-it-forward
2.31
± 0.69
Pay-what-you-want
2.18
± 0.77
Standard of Care
2.26
± 0.62
Sponsor's own description
This is a randomized controlled trial which will evaluate dual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake and other outcomes in men who have sex with men (MSM) in three trial arms - 1) a pay-it-forward testing arm, 2) a pay-what-you-want testing arm, and 3) standard of care arm.
Publications & conference data
4 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):
Publications: Europe PMC API search by NCT ID, retrieved 10 June 2026
Drug + disease cross-links: matched in real time against Drug Landscape's normalised drug + company + condition tables
Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Last refreshed: 7 July 2020
Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT03741725.