Last reviewed · How we verify

NCT03526354

Controlled Trial of Brexpiprazole For The Treatment of Co-occurring Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorder

Completed Phase 4 Results posted Last updated 23 May 2025
What this trial tests

Phase 4 trial testing Brexpiprazole in Schizophrenia in 50 participants. Completed in 29 February 2024.

Timeline
19 June 2018
Primary endpoint
29 February 2024
29 February 2024

Quick facts

Lead sponsorUniversity of Massachusetts, Worcester
PhasePhase 4
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingnone
Primary purposetreatment
Enrollment50
Start date19 June 2018
Primary completion29 February 2024
Estimated completion29 February 2024
Sites4 locations across United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

University of Massachusetts, Worcester

Who can join

Adults 18 to 65, any sex, with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) Primary · 12 weeks

The Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) scale is used to measure weekly substance use for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and/or heroin by assessing the number of days a person used substances in the past week, on a scale from 0 to 7 \[0 = no substances that week; 7 = substance use every day\]. The outcome measure was the number of days per week that participants used a substance. If participants use more than one substance, only the primary substance (one used mostly frequently) was analyzed. While the TLFB was assessed weekly, the outcome measure reported is the change in substance use between Week 0

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental-1.765-3.117 – -.413
Treatment as Usual-.532-1.910 – .846
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Primary · 12 weeks

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measures substance craving. Subjects will make a mark on an unlabeled 100-millimeter line indicating their desire to use a particular substance over the past 7-days. A score of 0 indicates no desire to use and 100 indicating the strongest desire to use possible. The assessment was done weekly. Subjects reported craving for any substances they used that week with a separate mark for each substance (e.g., a mark for alcohol craving and another mark for marijuana). For outcome measures, only the primary substance (the substance used most frequently, as determined by

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental-33.421-49.305 – -17.536
Treatment as Usual-8.898-25.511 – 7.716
Amount of Money Spent on Substances Secondary · 12 weeks

The amount of money spent on substances over a 7-day period will also be recorded as part of each weekly visit. Decreased money spent on substances over a 7-day period will also be considered an improved outcome.

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental-20.974-51.647 – 9.700
Treatment as Usual14.605-16.497 – 45.707
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) Secondary · 12 Weeks

The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) is a measure used to assess symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia. Each item (symptom) is scored on a 7-point scale (1 = absent and 7 = extreme). The minimum and maximum values for the total 30 items (PANSS Total Score) are 30 and 210 respectively. Higher scores represent higher levels of psychiatric symptoms (worse outcomes). The PANSS has three subscales: "Positive" (measuring positive symptoms), "Negative" (measuring negative symptoms), and "General Psychopathology" (measuring general psychiatric symptoms). There are 7 items each fo

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental-3.690-9.188 – 1.807
Treatment as Usual-.274-5.996 – 5.447
Clinical Global Impression - Severity Secondary · 12 Weeks

The Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) measures illness severity on a 7-point Likert scale, with a higher score indicating higher illness severity and worse outcomes (1 = "Normal, not at all ill" and 7 = "Among the most extremely ill patients"). The outcome measure for this study looked at the change in the CGI-S score between Week 0 (Baseline) and Week 12 (end of study), with a reduction in score indicating improved outcomes.

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental-.320-.601 – -.038
Treatment as Usual-.128-.413 – .156
Heinrichs Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QOL) Secondary · 12 Weeks

The Heinrichs Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QOL)is a 21-item scale providing information on symptoms and functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Items are scored on a 0-6 scale, with 0 being no evidence of that item (e.g., social relationships are virtually absent) and 6 being adequate evidence of that item (e.g., adequate social relationships). Two items (#1 - "Intimate relationship with household members" and # 12 - "Satisfaction with occupational role functioning") are scored a "9" if the item is not applicable (e.g., lives alone with no close family or does not have an occupational

GroupValue95% CI
Experimental4.049-1.950 – 10.049
Treatment as Usual-5.146-11.293 – 1.001

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: Adverse event data were collected from each participant's screening through their study completion (Week 12 or Early Termination), an average of 3 months.. Reporting threshold: 5%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

Experimental
Serious: 0/21 (0%)
Deaths: 0/21
Treatment as Usual
Serious: 0/18 (0%)
Deaths: 0/18
Other adverse events (7 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemExperimentalTreatment as Usual
Fatigure/TirednessGeneral disorders
Cold-like symptomsGeneral disorders
NauseaGeneral disorders
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders
DizzinessGeneral disorders
Trouble SleepingGeneral disorders
Restlessness/IrritabilityGeneral disorders

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03526354 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

The proposed study is a 4-site, 12-week, novel, feasibility, investigation of patients who have co-occurring diagnoses of schizophrenia and current substance use disorder (alcohol, cocaine, heroin, or cannabis). Thirty-nine participants will be randomly assigned to switch to brexpiprazole (the brexpiprazole group) or remain on the same antipsychotic treatment (the control group). The study will be conducted at 4 sites in the US. The investigators expect to enroll 80 subjects across 3 sites. UMass Medical School, Worcester MA is the lead site. Sub-sites include Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).

Publications & conference data

4 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. New and emerging treatments for schizophrenia: a narrative review of their pharmacology, efficacy and side effect profile relative to established antipsychotics.
    Lobo MC, Whitehurst TS, Kaar SJ, Howes OD. · · 2022 · cited 74× · PMID 34838528 · DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.032
  2. Orphan peptide and G protein-coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorder.
    Anversa RG, Maddern XJ, Lawrence AJ, Walker LC. · · 2024 · cited 4× · PMID 38073127 · DOI 10.1111/bph.16301
  3. Brexpiprazole for the Treatment of Co-occurring Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorder: A Multisite, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
    Fan X, Freudenreich O, Jarskog LF, McEvoy J, et al · · 2025 · PMID 41129678 · DOI 10.4088/jcp.25m15786
  4. Unlocking the potential of lumateperone and novel anti-psychotics for schizophrenia.
    Ahmad SR, Zeyaullah M, AlShahrani AM, Khan MS, et al · · 2025 · PMID 40161932 · DOI 10.34172/bi.30259

Verify or expand the search:

Other trials of Brexpiprazole

Trials testing the same drug.

Other recruiting trials for Schizophrenia

Currently open trials in the same condition.

Other University of Massachusetts, Worcester trials

Trials by the same sponsor.

Verify against primary sources

Data sources for this page

Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT03526354.

Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing