Last reviewed · How we verify

NCT02038907: NOR-107

Safety and Immunogenicity of Norovirus GI.1/GII.4 Bivalent VLP Vaccine

Completed Phase 2 Results posted Last updated 8 August 2017
What this trial tests

Phase 2 trial testing Hepatitis A Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers in 420 participants. Completed in 19 June 2015.

Timeline
28 March 2014
Primary endpoint
19 June 2015
19 June 2015

Quick facts

Lead sponsorTakeda
PhasePhase 2
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designfactorial
Maskingquadruple
Primary purposeprevention
Enrollment420
Start date28 March 2014
Primary completion19 June 2015
Estimated completion19 June 2015
Sites2 locations across Belgium

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

Takeda — full company profile →

Who can join

Adults 18 to 64, any sex, with Healthy Volunteers or Norovirus, Prevention. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Percentage of Participants With a Seroresponse (Pan-Ig ELISA) Primary · Baseline and Day 56

Seroresponse was defined as 4-fold rise or greater in serum anti-norovirus antibody titers for both GI.1 virus-Like particle (VLP) and GII.4 VLP as measured by pan immunoglobulin (Pan-Ig) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)43.325.5 – 62.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)62.142.3 – 79.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)46.427.5 – 66.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)35.519.2 – 54.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)80.061.4 – 92.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)67.748.6 – 83.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)30.014.7 – 49.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)62.543.7 – 78.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)42.924.5 – 62.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)66.747.2 – 82.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)46.226.6 – 66.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x271.451.3 – 86.8
Percentage of Participants With Solicited Local Adverse Events (AEs) at Injection Site After Dose 1 Primary · Days 1 through 7

Solicited local AEs at injection site are defined as: pain, erythema, induration, and swelling that occurred within 7 days after each vaccination.

Pain
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)43.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)33.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)50.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)32.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)46.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)38.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)40.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)53.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)44.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)53.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)48.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x246.4
Erythema
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Induration
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Swelling
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Percentage of Participants With Solicited Local Adverse Events (AEs) at Injection Site After Dose 2 Primary · Days 28 through 34

Solicited local AEs at injection site are defined as: pain, erythema, induration, and swelling that occurred within 7 days after each vaccination.

Pain
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)60.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)36.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)66.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)51.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)53.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)58.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)33.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)43.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)48.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)46.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)34.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x232.1
Erythema
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Induration
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Swelling
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)3.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)3.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)6.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Percentage of Participants With Solicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs) After Dose 1 Primary · Days 1 through 7

Solicited systemic AEs are defined as: headache, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, vomiting, and diarrhea that occurred within 7 days after each vaccination.

Headache
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)26.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)19.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)25.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)27.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)13.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x217.9
Fatigue
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)23.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)23.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)19.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)15.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)24.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x225.0
Myalgia
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)6.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)9.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)18.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)10.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x210.7
Arthralgia
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)6.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)6.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x23.6
Vomiting
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)3.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Diarrhea
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)23.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)16.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)6.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)12.5
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)13.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)6.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x27.1
Percentage of Participants With Solicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs) After Dose 2 Primary · Days 28 through 34

Solicited systemic AEs are defined as: headache, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, vomiting, and diarrhea that occurred within 7 days after each vaccination.

Headache
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)22.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)23.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)16.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)21.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)20.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)13.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x214.3
Fatigue
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)20.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)18.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)13.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x27.1
Myalgia
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)13.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)6.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)6.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)10.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x27.1
Arthralgia
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)3.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)3.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x23.6
Vomiting
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x20
Diarrhea
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)12.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)9.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)15.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x27.1
Oral Body Temperature Within 7 Days After Dose 1 Primary · Days 1 through 7

Oral body temperature measurement is to be performed using the thermometer provided by the site for 7 days after each vaccination. The highest body temperature observed each day will be recorded on the Diary Card also provided by the site.

GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)36.54± 0.294
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)36.76± 0.376
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)36.66± 0.345
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)36.71± 0.260
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)36.65± 0.388
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)36.67± 0.255
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)36.74± 0.323
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)36.63± 0.366
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)36.52± 0.405
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)36.77± 0.341
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)36.71± 0.404
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x236.61± 0.368
Oral Body Temperature Within 7 Days After Dose 2 Primary · Days 28 through 34

Oral body temperature measurement is to be performed using the thermometer provided by the site for 7 days after each vaccination. The highest body temperature observed each day will be recorded on the Diary Card also provided by the site.

GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)36.54± 0.282
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)36.76± 0.301
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)36.68± 0.351
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)36.75± 0.466
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)36.60± 0.286
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)36.72± 0.317
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)36.71± 0.394
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)36.64± 0.342
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)36.59± 0.463
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)36.73± 0.293
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)36.68± 0.345
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x236.56± 0.351
Percentage of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events (AEs) Primary · Day 1 up to Day 56

Unsolicited AEs are any AEs that are not solicited local or systemic AEs, as defined by this study.

GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)56.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)60.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)53.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)45.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)43.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)54.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)43.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)62.5
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)69.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)43.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)48.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x250.0
Percentage of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Primary · Day 1 up to Day 393

A serious adverse event (SAE) is any untoward medical occurrence or effect that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability / incapacity, is a congenital anomaly / birth defect or is medically important due to other reasons than the above mentioned criteria.

GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)6.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)16.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)6.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)10.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)9.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)3.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x27.1
Percentage of Participants With a Seroresponse on Day 28, Day 208 and Day 393 (Pan-Ig ELISA) Secondary · Baseline and Days 28, 208 and 393

Seroresponse was defined as 4-fold rise or greater in serum anti-norovirus antibody titers for both GI.1 virus-Like particle (VLP) and GII.4 VLP as measured by pan immunoglobulin (Pan-Ig) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). D=Day

D28 (n=30,30,29,31,30,31,30,32,28,30,27,28,29,31)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)00.0 – 10.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)00.0 – 12.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)00.0 – 12.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x271.451.3 – 86.8
D208 (n=30,29,30,31,30,30,30,32,29,30,27,28,29,28)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)10.02.1 – 26.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)17.25.8 – 35.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)10.02.1 – 26.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)19.47.5 – 37.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)20.07.7 – 38.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)20.07.7 – 38.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)6.70.8 – 22.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)34.418.6 – 53.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)17.25.8 – 35.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)23.39.9 – 42.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)14.84.2 – 33.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x232.115.9 – 52.4
D393 (n=29,29,30,31,30,29,29,32,29,30,27,28,29,29)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)17.25.8 – 35.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)20.78.0 – 39.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)13.33.8 – 30.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)16.15.5 – 33.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)10.02.1 – 26.5
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)13.83.9 – 31.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)10.32.2 – 27.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)15.65.3 – 32.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)6.90.8 – 22.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)13.33.8 – 30.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)7.40.9 – 24.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x221.48.3 – 41.0
Percentage of Participants With a 4-Fold Rise or Greater in GI.1 VLP Antibody Titer (Pan-Ig ELISA) Secondary · Baseline and Days 28, 56, 208 and 393

The percentage of participants with a 4-fold rise or greater in serum anti-norovirus antibody titers for GI.1 virus-like particle (VLP) as measured by pan immunoglobulin (Pan-Ig) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). D=Day

D28 (n=30,29,27,29,30,31,30,32,27,30,24,28,29,30)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 12.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)6.90.8 – 22.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)00.0 – 10.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)00.0 – 12.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)4.20.1 – 21.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x285.767.3 – 96.0
D56 (n=30,29,28,29,30,31,30,32,28,30,24,28,29,30)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)80.061.4 – 92.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)89.772.6 – 97.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)100.087.7 – 100.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)89.772.6 – 97.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)93.377.9 – 99.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)96.883.3 – 99.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)86.769.3 – 96.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)87.571.0 – 96.5
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)92.976.5 – 99.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)90.073.5 – 97.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)83.362.6 – 95.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x285.767.3 – 96.0
D208 (n=30,29,28,29,30,30,30,32,28,30,24,28,29,27)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)60.040.6 – 77.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)65.545.7 – 82.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)67.947.6 – 84.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)72.452.8 – 87.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)70.050.6 – 85.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)73.354.1 – 87.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)66.747.2 – 82.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)62.543.7 – 78.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)85.767.3 – 96.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)60.040.6 – 77.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)54.232.8 – 74.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x271.451.3 – 86.8
D393 (n=29,28,28,29,30,29,29,32,28,30,24,28,29,28)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)55.235.7 – 73.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)46.427.5 – 66.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)67.947.6 – 84.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)69.049.2 – 84.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)63.343.9 – 80.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)65.545.7 – 82.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)55.235.7 – 73.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)53.134.7 – 70.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)82.163.1 – 93.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)43.325.5 – 62.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)45.825.6 – 67.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x264.344.1 – 81.4
Percentage of Participants With a 4-Fold Rise or Greater in GII.4 VLP Antibody Titer (Pan-Ig ELISA) Secondary · Baseline and Days 28, 56, 208 and 393

The percentage of participants with a 4-fold rise or greater from in serum anti-norovirus antibody titers for GII.4 virus-like particle (VLP) as measured by pan immunoglobulin (Pan-Ig) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). D=Day

D28 (n=30,29,27,29,30,31,30,32,27,30,24,28,29,30)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 11.9
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)00.0 – 12.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.9
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)00.0 – 11.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)3.30.1 – 17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)3.10.1 – 16.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)00.0 – 12.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)3.30.1 – 17.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)00.0 – 14.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x278.659.0 – 91.7
D56 (n=30,29,28,29,30,31,30,32,28,30,24,28,29,30)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)50.031.3 – 68.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)65.545.7 – 82.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)46.427.5 – 66.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)41.423.5 – 61.1
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)83.365.3 – 94.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)71.052.0 – 85.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)33.317.3 – 52.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)71.953.3 – 86.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)42.924.5 – 62.8
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)73.354.1 – 87.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)54.232.8 – 74.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x278.659.0 – 91.7
D208 (n=30,29,28,29,30,30,30,32,28,30,24,28,29,27)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)16.75.6 – 34.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)27.612.7 – 47.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)7.10.9 – 23.5
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)27.612.7 – 47.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)36.719.9 – 56.1
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)23.39.9 – 42.3
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)16.75.6 – 34.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)46.929.1 – 65.3
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)14.34.0 – 32.7
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)30.014.7 – 49.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)16.74.7 – 37.4
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x235.718.6 – 55.9
D393 (n=29,28,28,29,30,29,29,32,28,30,24,28,29,28)
GroupValue95% CI
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)20.78.0 – 39.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)32.115.9 – 52.4
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)10.72.3 – 28.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)27.612.7 – 47.2
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)20.07.7 – 38.6
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)17.25.8 – 35.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)17.25.8 – 35.8
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)21.99.3 – 40.0
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)10.72.3 – 28.2
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)13.33.8 – 30.7
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)8.31.0 – 27.0
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x228.613.2 – 48.7

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: Unsolicited AEs 28 days after each vaccination (Day 1 to 56) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) throughout the trial (Up to Day 393). Reporting threshold: 2%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (50)
Serious: 2/30 (7%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (50)
Serious: 0/30 (0%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (50)
Serious: 5/30 (17%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (15)
Serious: 2/31 (6%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (15)
Serious: 1/30 (3%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (15)
Serious: 0/31 (0%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)
Serious: 3/30 (10%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)
Serious: 3/32 (9%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)
Serious: 1/29 (3%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)
Serious: 1/30 (3%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167)
Serious: 1/29 (3%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x2
Serious: 2/28 (7%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (50/150) x2
Serious: 1/29 (3%)
Deaths:
GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH)3 (167) x2
Serious: 1/31 (3%)
Deaths:

Serious adverse events (25 terms)

ReactionSystemGI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x2GI.1/GII.4 (50/150) x2GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH…
ChondropathyMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Foot deformityMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Intervertebral disc protrusionMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
OsteoarthritisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
AppendicitisInfections and infestations
ErysipelasInfections and infestations
Gastroenteritis bacterialInfections and infestations
LeptospirosisInfections and infestations
Meningitis asepticInfections and infestations
PneumoniaInfections and infestations
Compression fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
Tendon injuryInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
Tendon ruptureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
Abdominal pain upperGastrointestinal disorders
Intestinal polypGastrointestinal disorders
Large intestinal polypGastrointestinal disorders
Biliary colicHepatobiliary disorders
CholelithiasisHepatobiliary disorders
GoitreEndocrine disorders
Cervix carcinomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Rectal adenocarcinomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Transient ischaemic attackNervous system disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Major depressionPsychiatric disorders
Pharyngeal abscessInfections and infestations
Other adverse events (9 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemGI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/15) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (50/50) - MPL (…GI.1/GII.4 (15/15)GI.1/GII.4 (15/50)GI.1/GII.4 (50/50)GI.1/GII.4 (50/150)GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH…GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) x2GI.1/GII.4 (50/150) x2GI.1/GII.4 (15/50) - Al(OH…
HeadacheNervous system disorders
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders
Influenza like illnessGeneral disorders
NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations
Oropharyngeal PainRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders
FatigueGeneral disorders
Injection site painGeneral disorders

Most-reported serious reactions: Chondropathy, Foot deformity, Intervertebral disc protrusion, Osteoarthritis, Appendicitis, Erysipelas, Gastroenteritis bacterial, Leptospirosis.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02038907 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

The purpose of this study is to select the optimal formulation of the norovirus vaccine from different concentrations of virus-like particles (VLP), Aluminum Hydroxide and MPL adjuvant (3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A) for further development.

Publications & conference data

8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.
    Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, et al · · 2024 · cited 150× · PMID 38523155 · DOI 10.1038/s41392-024-01765-9
  2. Safety and Immunogenicity of Different Formulations of Norovirus Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
    Leroux-Roels G, Cramer JP, Mendelman PM, Sherwood J, et al · · 2018 · cited 54× · PMID 29140444 · DOI 10.1093/infdis/jix572
  3. Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances.
    Prasad BVV, Atmar RL, Ramani S, Palzkill T, et al · · 2025 · cited 33× · PMID 39824927 · DOI 10.1038/s41579-024-01144-9
  4. Epidemiology and evolution of Norovirus in China.
    Wei N, Ge J, Tan C, Song Y, et al · · 2021 · cited 20× · PMID 34495811 · DOI 10.1080/21645515.2021.1961465
  5. 6-Valent Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Induced Potent and Sustained Immunity Against Noroviruses in Mice.
    Hou W, Lv L, Wang Y, Xing M, et al · · 2022 · cited 8× · PMID 35711416 · DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906275
  6. Unraveling the interplay between norovirus infection, gut microbiota, and novel antiviral approaches: a comprehensive review.
    Bai GH, Tsai MC, Lin SC, Hsu YH, et al · · 2023 · cited 7× · PMID 37485533 · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212582
  7. Virus-like Particles for TEM Regulation and Antitumor Therapy.
    Yang Z, Chi Y, Bao J, Zhao X, et al · · 2022 · cited 4× · PMID 36547564 · DOI 10.3390/jfb13040304
  8. Persistence of the Immune Response to an Intramuscular Bivalent (GI.1/GII.4) Norovirus Vaccine in Adults.
    Leroux-Roels G, Atmar RL, Cramer JP, Escudero I, et al · · 2025 · cited 3× · PMID 39852862 · DOI 10.3390/vaccines13010082

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