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Trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense (red clover) contains isoflavones that may act as phytoestrogens, binding to estrogen receptors to modulate hormonal signaling.
Trifolium pratense (red clover) contains isoflavones that may act as phytoestrogens, binding to estrogen receptors to modulate hormonal signaling. Used for Menopausal hot flashes and night sweats, Bone health and osteoporosis prevention, Cardiovascular health support.
At a glance
| Generic name | Trifolium pratense |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) |
| Drug class | Phytoestrogen / herbal supplement |
| Target | Estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Women's Health / Menopause |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Red clover is rich in isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, formononetin, biochanin A) that have structural similarity to estradiol and can bind estrogen receptors with varying affinity. These phytoestrogens may exert selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like effects, potentially influencing bone metabolism, vasomotor symptoms, and cardiovascular function. The mechanism remains incompletely characterized and effects are generally modest.
Approved indications
- Menopausal hot flashes and night sweats
- Bone health and osteoporosis prevention
- Cardiovascular health support
Common side effects
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Headache
- Rash
- Muscle aches
Key clinical trials
- Polyphenol Metabolism and Personalized Nutrition in Menopause (PolyPause). (NA)
- Effect of Red Clover on Menopause Symptoms and Lipid Profile (NA)
- Isoflavone Treatment for Postmenopausal Osteopenia. (NA)
- Red Clover Isoflavones in Postmenopausal Women With Urge Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder (NA)
- The Bioavailability of Red Clover Isoflavones (NA)
- Red Clover Botanical Dietary Supplements - Metabolism and Safety in Women (NA)
- Effects of Fermented Red Clover on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass (NA)
- Red Clover and Lifestyle Changes to Contrast Menopausal Symptoms in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Given Tamoxifen (PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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