Last reviewed 2026-04-22 · How we verify

Tramal®

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that binds to mu opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin to provide pain relief.

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that binds to mu opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin to provide pain relief. Used for Moderate pain, Postoperative pain, Chronic pain conditions.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

Tramadol works through dual mechanisms: it acts as a weak mu opioid receptor agonist and also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the central nervous system. This combination of opioid and monoamine reuptake inhibition produces analgesic effects for moderate pain management. The norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition contributes significantly to its pain-relieving properties, making it distinct from pure opioid agonists.

Approved indications

• Moderate pain
• Postoperative pain
• Chronic pain conditions

Common side effects

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Headache
• Somnolence
• Vomiting
• Seizures

Key clinical trials

• Efficacy and Safety of APSCTC for the Treatment of Postsurgical Pain Due to Third Molar Extraction (PHASE3)
• The Effect of Intrauterine Lidocaine Infusion and Oral Tramadol on Pain During Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy (PHASE4)

Primary sources

Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.

Competitive intelligence

For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:

• Tramal® CI brief — competitive landscape report
• Tramal® updates RSS · CI watch RSS
• Apsen Farmaceutica S.A. portfolio CI