{"id":"tramal","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Constipation"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Somnolence"},{"rate":"5","effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":"0.5-1","effect":"Seizures"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Tramadol works through dual mechanisms: it acts as a weak mu opioid receptor agonist and also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the central nervous system. This combination of opioid and monoamine reuptake inhibition produces analgesic effects for moderate pain management. The norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition contributes significantly to its pain-relieving properties, making it distinct from pure opioid agonists.","oneSentence":"Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that binds to mu opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin to provide pain relief.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:38:59.703Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate pain"},{"name":"Postoperative pain"},{"name":"Chronic pain conditions"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04647435","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of APSCTC for the Treatment of Postsurgical Pain Due to Third Molar Extraction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Apsen Farmaceutica S.A.","startDate":"2023-05-13","conditions":"Postsurgical Pain, Third Molar Extraction","enrollment":396},{"nctId":"NCT03701984","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Intrauterine Lidocaine Infusion and Oral Tramadol on Pain During Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2018-10-15","conditions":"Hysteroscopy","enrollment":156}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":104,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Tramal®","genericName":"Tramal®","companyName":"Apsen Farmaceutica S.A.","companyId":"apsen-farmaceutica-s-a","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that binds to mu opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin to provide pain relief. Used for Moderate pain, Postoperative pain, Chronic pain conditions.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}