Last reviewed 2026-04-22 · How we verify

Sodium Bicarbonate Catheter Lock Solution

Sodium bicarbonate creates an alkaline environment within a catheter lumen to prevent biofilm formation and bacterial colonization.

Sodium bicarbonate creates an alkaline environment within a catheter lumen to prevent biofilm formation and bacterial colonization. Used for Prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in central venous catheters, Maintenance of central venous catheter patency.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

Sodium bicarbonate solution is instilled into central venous catheters as a lock solution to maintain catheter patency and reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). The alkaline pH inhibits bacterial adhesion and biofilm development on the catheter surface, which are primary mechanisms of infection and thrombosis in indwelling catheters.

Approved indications

• Prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in central venous catheters
• Maintenance of central venous catheter patency

Common side effects

• Local irritation or phlebitis at catheter site
• Catheter occlusion
• Electrolyte imbalance (if solution leaks systemically)

Key clinical trials

• Comparison of Effectiveness and Complications of Catheter Lock Solutions in Non-tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters (NA)
• Bicarbonate vs Heparin Catheter Lock in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PHASE4)
• Outcomes of the Use of Sodium Bicarbonate (8.4%) Solution as a Catheter Lock Solution to Prevent Hemodialysis Catheter Loss Due to Lumen Clot Formation (PHASE4)

Primary sources

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