Last reviewed 2026-04-22 · How we verify

Normal saline with epinephrine

Normal saline with epinephrine is a Sympathomimetic amine / Vasopressor Small molecule drug developed by West Penn Allegheny Health System. It is currently FDA-approved for Cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity), Severe hypotension and shock, Anaphylaxis.

Epinephrine stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility, while normal saline provides fluid volume and electrolyte balance.

Epinephrine stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output, while normal saline provides fluid volume and electrolyte balance. Used for Cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity), Severe hypotension and shock, Anaphylaxis.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) serves as an isotonic carrier solution that maintains fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Epinephrine, a catecholamine, binds to alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, producing sympathomimetic effects including increased heart rate and contractility (beta-1), vasoconstriction (alpha-1), and bronchodilation (beta-2). This combination is used for acute hemodynamic support and emergency resuscitation.

Approved indications

• Cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity)
• Severe hypotension and shock
• Anaphylaxis
• Septic shock

Common side effects

• Tachycardia
• Hypertension
• Arrhythmias
• Tremor
• Anxiety
• Headache
• Tissue necrosis (with extravasation)

Key clinical trials

• Jaw Muscle Pain Post Wisdom Molar Surgery (PHASE2)
• Effect of Adding a Low-Dose Epinephrine Bolus Prior to Infusion on Maternal Hemodynamic Stability During Cesarean Section (PHASE3)
• Comparing Reduction With ESD- Versus APC-TORe (NA)
• Mid-transverse Process Combined With Erector Spinae Block Versus Paravertebral Plane Block (NA)
• Evaluating Postoperative Pain and Antibacterial Effect of Ultrasonic and 980 nm Diode Laser Combination (NA)
• Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Block Evaluation for Post COVID Condition (PHASE4)
• Postop Pain Management in Pituitary Tumour Patients (PHASE4)
• Prospective Evaluation of Efficacy of Tumescent Steroid Infiltration in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: a Split Mouth Randomized Study (NA)

Primary sources

Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.

Competitive intelligence

For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:

• Normal saline with epinephrine CI brief — competitive landscape report
• Normal saline with epinephrine updates RSS · CI watch RSS
• West Penn Allegheny Health System portfolio CI

Frequently asked questions about Normal saline with epinephrine

Related

• Drug class: All Sympathomimetic amine / Vasopressor drugs
• Target: All drugs targeting Alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors
• Manufacturer: West Penn Allegheny Health System — full pipeline
• Therapeutic area: All drugs in Emergency Medicine / Critical Care
• Indication: Drugs for Cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity)
• Indication: Drugs for Severe hypotension and shock
• Indication: Drugs for Anaphylaxis

Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing