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L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine is a Nootropic agent / Cholinergic precursor Small molecule drug developed by Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russia. It is currently in Phase 3 development for Age-related cognitive decline, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease, Stroke recovery and post-stroke cognitive impairment.
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) is a natural phospholipid precursor that increases acetylcholine synthesis and neuronal membrane fluidity in the brain.
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) is a natural phospholipid precursor that increases acetylcholine synthesis and neuronal membrane fluidity in the brain. Used for Age-related cognitive decline, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease, Stroke recovery and post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Baseline phase 3 → approval rate
+58.3pp
Industry-wide phase 3 drugs reach approval ~58.3% of the time (BIO/Informa 2023 industry benchmark across all therapeutic areas). -
CNS / neurology attrition
-3.0pp
CNS drugs have historically high Phase 3 failure rates (notably in Alzheimer disease + major depression).
| Regulator | Country | Likely year | Lag vs FDA |
|---|---|---|---|
| FDA | US | 2028–2030 | — |
| EMA | EU | 2029–2031 | +0.7 yr |
| MHRA | GB | 2029–2031 | +0.7 yr |
| Health Canada | CA | 2029–2032 | +0.9 yr |
| TGA | AU | 2029–2032 | +1.2 yr |
| PMDA | JP | 2029–2032 | +1.5 yr |
| NMPA | CN | 2030–2033 | +2.3 yr |
| MFDS | KR | 2029–2032 | +1.4 yr |
| CDSCO | IN | 2029–2033 | +1.8 yr |
| ANVISA | BR | 2030–2033 | +2.3 yr |
Hover any row for the lag rationale. Lag estimates are reduced when the drug has FDA Breakthrough or EMA PRIME designation (sponsors file globally in parallel).
Estimate based on the BIO/Informa industry phase transition rates plus per-drug modifiers for therapeutic area, sponsor type, FDA designations, mechanism, and trial design. Per-jurisdiction lags from Tufts CSDD international approval studies. Not investment, clinical or regulatory advice. Methodology: /methodology#likelihood.
At a glance
| Generic name | L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russia |
| Drug class | Nootropic agent / Cholinergic precursor |
| Target | Acetylcholine synthesis pathway; phosphatidylcholine metabolism |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Neurology / Cognitive disorders |
| Phase | Phase 3 |
Mechanism of action
GPC is a choline-containing phospholipid that crosses the blood-brain barrier and serves as a precursor for acetylcholine production, a critical neurotransmitter for cognition and memory. It also enhances phosphatidylcholine synthesis in neuronal membranes, improving membrane integrity and synaptic plasticity. These mechanisms support cognitive function and neuroprotection in age-related or neurodegenerative conditions.
Approved indications
- Age-related cognitive decline
- Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
- Stroke recovery and post-stroke cognitive impairment
Common side effects
- Gastrointestinal disturbance
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Agitation
Key clinical trials
- The Acute Effects of Onnit Alpha Brain on Cognition and Mood States (NA)
- Acute Effects of Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (A-GPC) on Lower Body Muscular Performance. (NA)
- Efficacy and Safety of ChOline ALfoscerate in Patient With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease (PHASE4)
- Effect of a Nootropic on the Cognitive Performance in Young Adults (NA)
- Clinical Effectiveness of Choline Alphoscerate for Older Adults With Major Depression and Subjective Memory Complaints (NA)
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Choline Alfoscerate Compared to Placebo in Patients With Degenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment (PHASE4)
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Choline Alfoscerate in Vascular Cognitive Impairment Patients (PHASE4)
- Choline Alphoscerate-Nimodipine in Vascular Cognitive Impairment (PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine CI brief — competitive landscape report
- L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russia portfolio CI
Frequently asked questions about L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine
What is L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine?
How does L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine work?
What is L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine used for?
Who makes L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine?
What drug class is L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine in?
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What does L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine target?
Related
- Drug class: All Nootropic agent / Cholinergic precursor drugs
- Target: All drugs targeting Acetylcholine synthesis pathway; phosphatidylcholine metabolism
- Manufacturer: Clinical Institute of the Brain, Russia — full pipeline
- Therapeutic area: All drugs in Neurology / Cognitive disorders
- Indication: Drugs for Age-related cognitive decline
- Indication: Drugs for Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
- Indication: Drugs for Stroke recovery and post-stroke cognitive impairment
Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing