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Humulin (insulin)
Humulin works by binding to insulin receptors on cells, triggering a cascade of signals that lower blood glucose levels.
Humulin is a recombinant human insulin developed by Eli Lilly and Company, initially approved by the FDA in 1982 for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. It works by targeting the tyrosine-protein kinase Lck, a key enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. As a recombinant human insulin, Humulin is a biologic drug that mimics the natural insulin produced by the human body. It is currently owned by Eli Lilly and Company, and its commercial status is proprietary. Key safety considerations include the risk of hypoglycemia and allergic reactions.
At a glance
| Generic name | insulin |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Eli Lilly |
| Drug class | Insulin Analog [EPC] |
| Target | Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck |
| Therapeutic area | Metabolic |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
| First approval | 1982 |
Mechanism of action
The primary activity of insulin, including NOVOLIN is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulins lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis.
Approved indications
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Diabetes mellitus type 2
Common side effects
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Heart Failure
- Serious allergic reaction (whole body reaction)
- Vision changes
- Low potassium in your blood (hypokalemia)
- Swelling of your hands and feet
- Skin thickens or pits at the injection site (lipodystrophy)
- Reactions at the injection site (local allergic reaction)
- Seizures
- Death
- Unconsciousness (passing out)
- Trouble concentrating or confusion
Key clinical trials
- Text Message for Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (NA)
- Epigenetic Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue Distribution (NA)
- Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment - Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (PHASE4)
- Trial of the Combination of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Mirabegron in Women and in Men With Obesity (PHASE2)
- Risk Assessment of Pancreatic Islet Autoimmunity in Patients With AITD
- Assessments of Adipogenesis, Lipid Turnover and Cellular Composition in Adipose Tissue in Response to Endurance Exercise (NA)
- Critical Food Ingredients on Immunocompetence to Prevent the Risk and Development of Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome (NA)
- Effect of Tirzepatide and Bimagrumab on Body Composition, Insulin Sensitivity, and Bone in Adults With Obesity (PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| FDA label | Mechanism, indications, dosing, boxed warnings, drug interactions |
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Humulin CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Humulin updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Eli Lilly portfolio CI