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Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, promoting water and electrolyte excretion to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, promoting water and electrolyte excretion to reduce blood volume and blood pressure. Used for Hypertension, Edema associated with congestive heart failure, Edema associated with renal disease.
At a glance
| Generic name | Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
|---|---|
| Also known as | MICROZIDE™, HCTZ, Hydrochlorothiazide, Apo-Hydro, Aquazide H |
| Sponsor | Novartis |
| Drug class | Thiazide diuretic |
| Target | Sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Cardiovascular |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic that blocks the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule, preventing reabsorption of sodium and chloride. This increases urinary sodium and water excretion, leading to decreased blood volume and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. The resulting decrease in blood pressure makes it effective for hypertension management, and it is often used as a first-line antihypertensive agent.
Approved indications
- Hypertension
- Edema associated with congestive heart failure
- Edema associated with renal disease
Common side effects
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Photosensitivity
Key clinical trials
- POcus INTERvention for Tailoring Diuretic Strategy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (PHASE2, PHASE3)
- Triple Antihypertensive Medication After Intracerebral Hemorrhage for Blood Pressure Control (NA)
- HYDROchlorothiazide to PROTECT Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients and Improve Their Quality of Life (PHASE3)
- Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TEL/AML/CTD in Elderly Patients With Essential Hypertension (PHASE4)
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Commonly Used Drugs in Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants
- Protocol of Diuretics Use in Congestive Therapy in Heart Failure (PHASE4)
- Integration of Hypertension Management in HIV Care in Uganda (NA)
- Diuretics and Volume Overload in Early CKD (PHASE4)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Novartis portfolio CI