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Cytarabine vs. Cytarabine+Amsacrine+Mitoxantrone
Cytarabine is a cytidine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis, while the combination with amsacrine and mitoxantrone adds topoisomerase II inhibition and intercalating DNA damage to enhance leukemic cell killing.
Cytarabine is a cytidine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis, while the combination with amsacrine and mitoxantrone adds topoisomerase II inhibition and intercalating DNA damage to enhance leukemic cell killing. Used for Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in relapsed or refractory disease.
At a glance
| Generic name | Cytarabine vs. Cytarabine+Amsacrine+Mitoxantrone |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Technische Universität Dresden |
| Drug class | Combination chemotherapy (nucleoside analog + topoisomerase II inhibitors) |
| Target | DNA polymerase (cytarabine); Topoisomerase II (amsacrine, mitoxantrone) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Oncology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Cytarabine (ara-C) is a nucleoside analog that is phosphorylated intracellularly and incorporated into DNA, inhibiting DNA polymerase and causing chain termination. Amsacrine and mitoxantrone are topoisomerase II inhibitors that intercalate into DNA and prevent religation of DNA strands, leading to double-strand breaks. The combination therapy targets multiple mechanisms of DNA damage to overcome resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.
Approved indications
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in relapsed or refractory disease
Common side effects
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Mucositis
- Nausea and vomiting
- Infection
- Cardiotoxicity (mitoxantrone-related)
- Hepatotoxicity
Key clinical trials
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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