Last reviewed 2026-04-23 · How we verify

CpG-ODN

CpG-ODN is a synthetic DNA molecule that acts as an immunostimulant by activating the immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9).

CpG-ODN is a synthetic DNA molecule that acts as an immunostimulant by activating the immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Used for Treatment of various cancers, including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

CpG-ODN works by mimicking the effects of bacterial DNA, which triggers an immune response. This leads to the activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, which play a crucial role in fighting infections and diseases.

Approved indications

• Treatment of various cancers, including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer

Common side effects

• Fatigue
• Headache
• Fever

Key clinical trials

• New Adjuvant Vaccine in Glioblastoma, a Phase 1/2a Study (PHASE1, PHASE2)
• MiRisten for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (PHASE1)
• A Phase 3b/4 Randomised Trial of 3 Doses of Protein-based Covid-19 Vaccine (SpikoGen) (PHASE3)
• Booster Study of SpikoGen COVID-19 Vaccine (PHASE3)
• Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Na-GST-1 With or Without CpG (PHASE1)
• TLR9 Agonist SD-101, Anti-OX40 Antibody BMS 986178, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Low-Grade B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (PHASE1)
• TLR9 Agonist SD-101, Ibrutinib, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Grade 1-3A Follicular Lymphoma (PHASE1, PHASE2)
• Irreversible Electroporation (NanoKnife ®) and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (PHASE1, PHASE2)

Primary sources

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