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Cipro (Ciprofloxacin)
Ciprofloxacin interferes with bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting DNA synthesis.
Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis caused by susceptible organisms. Systemic absorption is minimal with maximum plasma concentrations less than 5 ng/mL following topical ocular administration. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. Drug interactions are primarily associated with systemic quinolone administration affecting theophylline, warfarin, cyclosporine, and caffeine metabolism.
At a glance
| Generic name | Ciprofloxacin |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Alk Abello |
| Drug class | Fluoroquinolone |
| Target | DNA gyrase |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
| First approval | 1987 |
Mechanism of action
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exerts bactericidal activity through interference with DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme required for bacterial DNA synthesis. This mechanism of action results in inhibition of bacterial DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death. The drug demonstrates in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
Approved indications
- Abdominal abscess
- Acute Moraxella catarrhalis bronchitis
- Acute bacterial bronchitis
- Acute bacterial peritonitis
- Acute bacterial sinusitis
- Acute gonococcal cervicitis
- Acute gonococcal urethritis
- Acute maxillary sinusitis
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Anthrax
- Bacterial Corneal Ulcer Infection
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Bacterial infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Bacterial urinary infection
- Chancroid
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
- Citrobacter Urinary Tract Infection
- Complicated Bacterial Peritonitis
- Complicated Bacteroides Peritonitis
Common side effects
- Injection site pain
- Musculoskeletal procedural complication
- Injection site movement impairment
- Vaccination complication
- Nausea
- Procedural headache
- Injection site induration
- Vomiting
Drug interactions
- Theophylline
- Warfarin and derivatives
- Cyclosporine
- Caffeine
Patents
| Patent | Expiry | Type |
|---|---|---|
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| FDA label | Mechanism, indications, dosing, boxed warnings, drug interactions |
| FDA Orange Book | Patents + exclusivity |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Cipro CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Cipro updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Alk Abello portfolio CI