Last reviewed · How we verify
Bupivacaine 0.25% with Epinephrine
Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption.
Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Infiltration anesthesia, Nerve blocks.
At a glance
| Generic name | Bupivacaine 0.25% with Epinephrine |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Markyrene |
| Sponsor | Holy Cross Hospital, Florida |
| Drug class | Local anesthetic with vasopressor |
| Target | Voltage-gated sodium channels |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Anesthesia |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that reversibly inhibits sodium influx into nerve fibers, preventing depolarization and conduction of nerve impulses. The addition of epinephrine (adrenaline) causes vasoconstriction of local blood vessels, which slows the systemic absorption of bupivacaine, extends its duration of action, and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity.
Approved indications
- Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures
- Infiltration anesthesia
- Nerve blocks
- Epidural anesthesia
Common side effects
- Nervousness or anxiety
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Tinnitus
- Tremor
- Cardiac arrhythmias (with systemic absorption)
- Hypersensitivity reactions
Key clinical trials
- Mid-transverse Process Combined With Erector Spinae Block Versus Paravertebral Plane Block (NA)
- Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Block Evaluation for Post COVID Condition (PHASE4)
- Local Anesthesia for Facial Fractures (PHASE2)
- Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Perineural Adjuvants in Adductor Canalf and iPACK Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty (PHASE4)
- Regional Anesthesia in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery (PHASE4)
- Bupivacaine With Epinephrine Over Diaphragm in Laparoscopy (PHASE4)
- Spinal Anesthesia For Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery (NA)
- Thoracic Paravertebral Block vs Intrathecal Morphine in VATS (NA)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |