{"id":"bupivacaine-0-25-with-epinephrine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nervousness or anxiety"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness or lightheadedness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tinnitus"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiac arrhythmias (with systemic absorption)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypersensitivity reactions"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that reversibly inhibits sodium influx into nerve fibers, preventing depolarization and conduction of nerve impulses. The addition of epinephrine (adrenaline) causes vasoconstriction of local blood vessels, which slows the systemic absorption of bupivacaine, extends its duration of action, and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:28:59.933Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06618599","phase":"NA","title":"Mid-transverse Process Combined With Erector Spinae Block Versus Paravertebral Plane Block","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2024-10-01","conditions":"Lung Cancer","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07468604","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Block Evaluation for Post COVID Condition","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Health Network, Toronto","startDate":"2026-04-01","conditions":"Autonomic Dysfunction","enrollment":78},{"nctId":"NCT06429501","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Local Anesthesia for Facial Fractures","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2024-04-02","conditions":"Pain Management","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT07097493","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Perineural Adjuvants in Adductor Canalf and iPACK Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","startDate":"2026-04","conditions":"Knee Arthroplasty, Total","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT05029726","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Regional Anesthesia in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"John O'Toole","startDate":"2022-02-01","conditions":"Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar Disc Herniation, Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","enrollment":125},{"nctId":"NCT07400146","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Bupivacaine With Epinephrine Over Diaphragm in Laparoscopy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2026-02","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Shoulder Pain","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT03715517","phase":"NA","title":"Spinal Anesthesia For Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Manitoba","startDate":"2018-10-04","conditions":"Hepatectomy, Pain, Postoperative, Liver Neoplasms","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT07126483","phase":"NA","title":"Thoracic Paravertebral Block vs Intrathecal Morphine in VATS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ondokuz Mayıs University","startDate":"2025-08-18","conditions":"Postoperative Acute Pain, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, Intrathechal Morphine","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT07334288","phase":"NA","title":"Retrolaminar Analgesia for LuMbar Surgery","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Universidad de los Andes, Chile","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Lumbar Surgery, Back Pain Lower Back Chronic","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT06701175","phase":"NA","title":"Knee Arthroscopy for Pain Control","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2025-12","conditions":"Knee Arthroscopy","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT06837909","phase":"NA","title":"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Wound Infiltration for Pulmonary Function Preservation Following Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Rabin Medical Center","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT04706026","phase":"NA","title":"A Pilot Study of Local Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Older Adults","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2024-10-23","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia, Anesthesia, Local","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06450028","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Lidocaine Versus Bupivacaine in Orthognathic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boston Children's Hospital","startDate":"2024-07-26","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Numbness, Temperature Sensation","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07291388","phase":"NA","title":"Effectiveness of Retrolaminar Block in Lumbar Spine Fusion With Multimodal Analgesia","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","startDate":"2025-12","conditions":"Acute Pain, Anesthesia, Lumbar Spine Disease","enrollment":44},{"nctId":"NCT07232940","phase":"NA","title":"ESP vs SPSIP Block in VATS Analgesia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Bursa City Hospital","startDate":"2025-11-15","conditions":"Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT07276906","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparing Intramuscular Fentanyl and Ketorolac With Nerve of Arnold (NOA) Block for Bilateral Myringotomy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of South Alabama","startDate":"2026-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT07267650","phase":"NA","title":"iPACK Block vs. Periarticular Infiltration for TKA Pain Control","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Turgutlu State Hospital","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Osteoarthritis, Knee / Osteoarthritis, Hip","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07115771","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar ESPB and ACB for Knee Arthroplasty","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Bursa City Hospital","startDate":"2025-08-15","conditions":"Total Knee Anthroplasty","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06471348","phase":"NA","title":"Postoperative Pain Control in AIS Using Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. 0.25% Bupivacaine With Epinephrine","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Boston Children's Hospital","startDate":"2025-08-15","conditions":"Post Operative Pain, Spinal Fusion","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT07197203","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Caudal Block and Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block With Dexmedetomidine in Pediatric Penile Hypospadias Repair","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2025-10-01","conditions":"Hypospadias","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT04979338","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Development of Effective, Opioid Sparing Techniques for Peri-operative Pain Management of Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender Affirming Surgeries","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2021-11-11","conditions":"Gender Dysphoria","enrollment":640},{"nctId":"NCT07073209","phase":"NA","title":"PENG vs Femoral Block for Hip Fracture Analgesia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Weill Medical College of Cornell University","startDate":"2025-07-10","conditions":"Hip Fractures","enrollment":352},{"nctId":"NCT07137806","phase":"NA","title":"Enhanced Pain Relief With Ultrasound Guided Combined Submaltifidus and Sacroiliac Joint Injection","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2025-08-20","conditions":"Pain Management","enrollment":62},{"nctId":"NCT06287151","phase":"NA","title":"Regional Anesthesia EMG Study","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Nationwide Children's Hospital","startDate":"2023-08-09","conditions":"Surgery","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06556121","phase":"NA","title":"Saddle Block With IT Morphine for Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Women's College Hospital","startDate":"2025-08-07","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT05019638","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Local Multimodal Injection Versus Regional Anesthesia in Controlling Pain for Treating Rotational Ankle Fractures","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Utah","startDate":"2021-05-15","conditions":"Ankle Fractures","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT05906134","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Pain Control Trial","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Swedish Medical Center","startDate":"2022-04-26","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Acute, Postoperative Complications","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02548104","phase":"NA","title":"Analgesic Efficacy of Anterior Femoral, Genicular and Adductor Canal Nerve Block","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2017-10-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT06945263","phase":"NA","title":"Comparing Pain Relief Between Two Methods of Freezing Injections in Children Having Their Appendix Removed","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"University of British Columbia","startDate":"2025-05-01","conditions":"Laparoscopic Appendectomy","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT06456255","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Bupivacaine and Epinephrine Injection Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Amin Javer","startDate":"2024-11-15","conditions":"Sinus Disease, Anesthesia, Bleeding","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06205875","phase":"NA","title":"High Versus Low Dose Serratus Anterior Plane Block After Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery.","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Jessa Hospital","startDate":"2024-02-21","conditions":"Analgesia, Surgery, Cardiac Disease","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06955455","phase":"NA","title":"Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid and Bupivacaine for Facial Nerve Function and Thickness in Bell's Palsy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tishreen University Hospital","startDate":"2022-01-01","conditions":"Bell's Palsy","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03408340","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Paravertebral Nerve Blocks in Neonates","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Emory University","startDate":"2018-07-18","conditions":"Congenital Heart Disease","enrollment":16},{"nctId":"NCT06888349","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Combined IPACK Block with ACB Versus ACB Alone on Pain Management and Early Mobility After Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2023-01-23","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Motor Activity","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05964868","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Post Septorhinoplasty","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Jessyka Lighthall","startDate":"2024-02-05","conditions":"Rhinoplasty, Pain Management","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT04799184","phase":"PHASE4","title":"PK/PD Levobupivacaine with and Without Epinephrine After Ultrasound Guided ESP Block","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","startDate":"2019-04-03","conditions":"Anesthetics Complications, Anesthetic Toxicity, Bupivacaine Overdose","enrollment":38},{"nctId":"NCT05999721","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block on Pulmonary Function Tests After Cardiac Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shai Fein","startDate":"2025-01-25","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Pulmonary Function Tests","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06075004","phase":"NA","title":"Total Periarticular Infiltration Vs Posterior Periarticular Infiltration Plus PENG Block for Hip Analgesia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Chile","startDate":"2023-10-18","conditions":"Hip Osteoarthritis, Postoperative Pain","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT06766812","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Dural Puncture Epidural Versus Conventional Epidural for Labour Analgesia in Primigravida","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sohag University","startDate":"2025-01-15","conditions":"Labor Pain","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03094663","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Adductor Canal Block With Periarticular Injection and IPACK (ACB/PAI/IPACK) Versus Periarticular Injection (PAI)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","startDate":"2017-02-28","conditions":"Knee Arthropathy","enrollment":86},{"nctId":"NCT04749615","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Does PAI Reduce Pain After TKA Among Knee Arthroplasty Patients Receiving ACB & IPACK?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","startDate":"2020-12-17","conditions":"Total Knee Athroplasty","enrollment":94},{"nctId":"NCT05906433","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Optimal Anesthetic for Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Foundation for Orthopaedic Research and Education","startDate":"2023-06-01","conditions":"Knee Osteoarthritis","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT06270147","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Timing of TAP Blocks in Bariatric Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"McMaster University","startDate":"2024-11-21","conditions":"Opioid Use, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT03187080","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Enhanced Recovery Strategies in Elective Breast Surgery","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2017-10-19","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Nausea, Vomiting, Postoperative","enrollment":113},{"nctId":"NCT06417060","phase":"NA","title":"Caudal Anesthesia Versus Local Anesthesia in Hypospadias","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Necmi Kadıoğlu Hospital","startDate":"2023-05-25","conditions":"Hypospadias, Hypospadias, Coronal, Caudal Anesthesia","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT06514365","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Subsartorial Saphenous Block and Popliteal Sciatic vs Subsartorial Saphenous Block and IPACK in Total Knee Replacement Surgery.","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital","startDate":"2020-06-10","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Knee Osteoarthritis, Anesthesia","enrollment":62},{"nctId":"NCT06282666","phase":"NA","title":"Lumbar ESPB in Hip Replacement Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Medical University of Lublin","startDate":"2024-02-19","conditions":"Coxarthrosis, Pain, Postoperative, Pain, Acute","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04814433","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluating Postoperative Non-Opioid Pain Management Utilizing Local Anesthetics Coupled With Modulated Coagulation","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2021-03-24","conditions":"Opioid Pain Medication","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT05191745","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Long-acting Parasternal Blocks for Analgesia After Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Jewish General Hospital","startDate":"2022-01-26","conditions":"Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05778903","phase":"NA","title":"Maxillary Nerve Blocks in Children - An MRI Study of the Suprazygomatic Approach","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Oslo University Hospital","startDate":"2023-06-07","conditions":"Nerve Block, Cleft Palate, Analgesia","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT05919732","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Awake Caudal Catheter vs General Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nemours Children's Clinic","startDate":"2016-03-08","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT06314815","phase":"","title":"Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric Nerve Block Prior to Shouldice Inguinal Hernia Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shouldice Hospital","startDate":"2023-01-11","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT03902782","phase":"NA","title":"Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Intercostal for VATS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre","startDate":"2019-06-26","conditions":"Lung Cancer, Lung Diseases","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04717193","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Laparoscopically Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Pediatric Appendicitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Alberta","startDate":"2021-05-28","conditions":"Appendicitis Acute","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT05943080","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of IPACK Block and PCI for Postoperative Analgesia and Function Recovery Following Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi","startDate":"2023-06-01","conditions":"Total Knee ArthroplastyKnee Pain, Functionality","enrollment":195},{"nctId":"NCT06254430","phase":"","title":"Effects of Erector Spina Plan Block and Epidural Analgesia in Whipple Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent","startDate":"2023-03-20","conditions":"Pancreatic Cancer","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT05408065","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of 2 Shoulder Infiltrations","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)","startDate":"2022-11-15","conditions":"Infiltration, Shoulder Osteoarthritis","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT05238688","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Ipsilateral High Thoracic Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Thoracic Cancer Surgeries","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2022-08-12","conditions":"Thoracotomy, Erector Spinae Plane Block, Thoracic Cancer","enrollment":76},{"nctId":"NCT05834023","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Plus Lidocaine in Infraclavicular Block","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital de San Carlos Dr. Benicio Arzola Medina","startDate":"2023-05-02","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Postoperative Pain, Analgesia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT06202430","phase":"NA","title":"Ultrasound Guided Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Menoufia University","startDate":"2023-08-13","conditions":"Analgesia","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT06160323","phase":"NA","title":"Upfront EUS CGN/CPN vs Conventional Step up Approach for Inoperable Painful Pancreatic Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","startDate":"2023-11-10","conditions":"Pancreatic Cancer Non-resectable, Tumor Pancreas, Pain Cancer","enrollment":94},{"nctId":"NCT06107660","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Utility of Exparel Based ESP Blocks in Elective Posterior Spine Fusion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hartford Hospital","startDate":"2023-12","conditions":"Spine Fusion, Anesthesia, Local","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05986266","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Evaluating Efficacy of Intravenous Carbetocin Versus Intramyometrial Injection of Adrenaline in Reducing Blood Loss","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Egymedicalpedia","startDate":"2023-02-01","conditions":"Uterine Fibroid","enrollment":62},{"nctId":"NCT02369523","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Multimodal Pain Management Following Primary TKA","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Utah","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT05898958","phase":"NA","title":"Rhomboid Intercostal and Sub-Serratus Block for Improving Pulmonary Function and Pain in Patients With Fracture Ribs","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Zagazig University","startDate":"2021-10-20","conditions":"Fracture Rib","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT04635176","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparing Local Anesthesia With and Without iPACK Block","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Calgary","startDate":"2022-10-30","conditions":"Osteo Arthritis Knee, Analgesia, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT03236324","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Transversalis Fascia Plane Blocks for Analgesia Post-cesarean Delivery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Calgary","startDate":"2017-09-22","conditions":"Cesarean Delivery","enrollment":106},{"nctId":"NCT05390450","phase":"NA","title":"Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Plexus Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Block After Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2022-06-01","conditions":"Total Knee Arthroplasty, Popliteal Plexus Block, Fascia Iliaca Block","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04425447","phase":"NA","title":"Thoracic Interfascial Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Gynecomastia Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2020-06-20","conditions":"Gynecomastia, Thoracic Interfascial Plane Block, Thoracic Paravertebral Block","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT04577690","phase":"PHASE4","title":"PECS Study for CIED Implantation Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The Hospital for Sick Children","startDate":"2019-12-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Child, Adolescent","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT05806307","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Methods Decreasing Bleeding in Open Myomectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2023-03-15","conditions":"Misoprostol Allergy, Oxytocin Allergy, Tranexamic Acid Allergy","enrollment":105},{"nctId":"NCT04194385","phase":"NA","title":"Upper Trunk Block Versus Costoclavicular Block For Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Bezmialem Vakif University","startDate":"2020-05-10","conditions":"Shoulder Pain, Phrenic Nerve Paralysis","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05778422","phase":"NA","title":"Bupivacaine or Radiofrequency for Shoulder Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Federal University of São Paulo","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Shoulder Pain, Rotator Cuff Impingement Syndrome, Impingement Syndrome","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02512887","phase":"NA","title":"Caudal vs Local Anesthesia in Hypospadias","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"McMaster University","startDate":"2016-07","conditions":"Hypospadias","enrollment":224},{"nctId":"NCT05669898","phase":"NA","title":"Continuous Adductor Canal Infusion vs. Single-injection Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","startDate":"2019-05-21","conditions":"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Pain, Postoperative, Multimodal Analgesia","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT05439343","phase":"NA","title":"Adductor Canal Block and Multimodal Local Infiltration Analgesia in Patients Receiving Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","startDate":"2018-10-15","conditions":"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Analgesia, Rehabilitation","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT03682224","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Exparel and Marcaine for Pain Management in Thoracoscopic Lobectomy Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Southern Illinois University","startDate":"2018-07-05","conditions":"Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Stage 1","enrollment":57},{"nctId":"NCT05672394","phase":"NA","title":"US-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Epidural in Patients Undergoing Thoracotomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2021-06-01","conditions":"Lung Cancer, Acute Pain, Chronic Pain","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT05087862","phase":"NA","title":"Periarticular Infiltration of Local Anesthetics Versus Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Total Hip Replacement","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Chile","startDate":"2021-11-05","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Weakness, Muscle, Analgesia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03119038","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Intraoperative Injections on Postoperative Pain Control During Total Hip Replacement","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Rush University Medical Center","startDate":"2016-04-30","conditions":"Osteoarthritis, Degenerative Joint Disease","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03395912","phase":"NA","title":"Wound Infiltration With Bupivacaine/Adrenalin During Cesarean Section and Postoperative Pain.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"HaEmek Medical Center, Israel","startDate":"2018-01-25","conditions":"Cesarean Section","enrollment":288},{"nctId":"NCT04421196","phase":"NA","title":"Opioid-free Total Hip Arthroplasty","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2022-09-15","conditions":"Hip Osteoarthritis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03873480","phase":"NA","title":"Trigger Thumb Randomized Controlled Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","startDate":"2018-10-02","conditions":"Trigger Thumb","enrollment":31},{"nctId":"NCT04730531","phase":"NA","title":"Postoperative Pain Control Using Local Wound Infiltration in Adolescent Idiopathic Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Boston Children's Hospital","startDate":"2022-06-02","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Spinal Fusion","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00485693","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dose-Ranging Study for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc","startDate":"2007-06","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":138},{"nctId":"NCT04955236","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Partial Scalp Block in Posterior Fossa Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kasr El Aini Hospital","startDate":"2021-07-14","conditions":"Posterior Fossa Tumor","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03410355","phase":"NA","title":"Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Use in Hip Osteoarthritis","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Nova Scotia Health Authority","startDate":"2018-02-01","conditions":"Osteoarthritis, Hip","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT02603900","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Adductor Canal Catheter vs Local Infiltration of Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Thomas Jefferson University","startDate":"2015-10","conditions":"Acute Pain, Regional Anesthesia Morbidity","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03920904","phase":"","title":"Peak Plasma Levels of Bupivacaine After a Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block Post-Sternotomy for Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)","startDate":"2019-07-29","conditions":"Pharmacokinetics","enrollment":19},{"nctId":"NCT04189120","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Ultrasound Guided Superficial, Deep Serratus Plane Blocks and Thoracic Epidural in Thoracotomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2019-04-01","conditions":"Post-thoracotomy Pain Syndrome","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT04936711","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Pain Relief After Hiatal Hernia Repair Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Norton Thoracic Institute","startDate":"2021-05-12","conditions":"Shoulder Pain, Hiatal Hernia","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT03408483","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Control for Total Hip Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2018-04-01","conditions":"Total Hip Arthroplasty","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01500109","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Oral Versus Intravenous Acetaminophen for Primary Pediatric Cleft Palate Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Loma Linda University","startDate":"2011-11","conditions":"Cleft Palate","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT01136668","phase":"NA","title":"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Children Undergoing Ostomy Surgery","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"The Hospital for Sick Children","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":"Anesthesia, Ostomy","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT03420638","phase":"PHASE4","title":"EXPAREL Post-tonsillectomy Clinical Trial","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Paul Hoff","startDate":"2018-02-15","conditions":"Tonsillectomy","enrollment":38},{"nctId":"NCT03656679","phase":"NA","title":"Paravertebral Versus Pectoralis Block for Post Mastectomy Pain","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2018-10-18","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Post-Mastectomy Chronic Pain Syndrome, Opioid Use","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT04827043","phase":"NA","title":"Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2021-04-01","conditions":"Postoperative Analgesia","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT04814303","phase":"NA","title":"Impact of Adductor Canal Block on Functional Recovery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2021-05","conditions":"Total Knee Replacement","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT00529126","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Study of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Hemorrhoidectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00485433","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dose-ranging Study for Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Primary Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc","startDate":"2007-06","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":98}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":130,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Markyrene"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacaine 0.25% with Epinephrine","genericName":"Bupivacaine 0.25% with Epinephrine","companyName":"Holy Cross Hospital, Florida","companyId":"holy-cross-hospital-florida","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Infiltration anesthesia, Nerve blocks.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}