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Botulinum Toxin-A injection
Botulinum toxin-A blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing temporary muscle paralysis.
Botulinum toxin-A blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing temporary muscle paralysis. Used for Spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury, Cervical dystonia, Blepharospasm.
At a glance
| Generic name | Botulinum Toxin-A injection |
|---|---|
| Also known as | "Botox", Botox, Botulinum Toxin Type A |
| Sponsor | Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District NHS Trust |
| Drug class | Neurotoxin; neuromuscular blocking agent |
| Target | SNARE complex (specifically cleaves SNAP-25) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Neurology; Orthopedics; Aesthetics |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
The toxin cleaves SNARE proteins required for acetylcholine vesicle release, preventing neurotransmitter transmission to muscle cells. This results in flaccid paralysis of the injected muscle that typically lasts 3–4 months. The effect is reversible as the body gradually regenerates the damaged nerve terminals.
Approved indications
- Spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury
- Cervical dystonia
- Blepharospasm
- Hemifacial spasm
- Chronic migraine
- Overactive bladder
- Hyperhidrosis
Common side effects
- Muscle weakness or paralysis at injection site
- Headache
- Injection site pain or bruising
- Flu-like symptoms
- Eyelid ptosis (when used periocularly)
- Antibody formation (neutralizing antibodies)
Key clinical trials
- DaxibotulinumtoxinA Injection for Treatment of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Serratus Plane Block (SPB) Versus Capsaïcine Versus Botox-A for Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Post-mastectomy Syndrome (PHASE2)
- A Study to Evaluate Patient Satisfaction With the Overall Face and Neck Appearance After Combined Treatment of OnabotulinumtoxinA, JUVÉDERM® Products, KYBELLA, CoolSculpting Elite and SkinMedica Products (PHASE4)
- DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Blepharospasm (PHASE2)
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Xeomin® Injections for Preventing Episodic Migraine (PHASE3)
- Evaluation of Spasticity, Neuropathic Pain, and Gait Analysis in Stroke Patients Receiving Tolperison Therapy After Botulinum Toxin Injection
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Xeomin® Injections for Preventing Chronic Migraine (PHASE3)
- Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of NT 201 (Botulinum Toxin) With Placebo for the Treatment of Lower Limb Spasticity Caused by Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury (PHASE3)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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