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Antithymocyte globulin
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antibody preparation that depletes T lymphocytes by binding to and eliminating T cells in the circulation and lymphoid tissues.
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antibody preparation that depletes T lymphocytes by binding to and eliminating T cells in the circulation and lymphoid tissues. Used for Prevention of acute organ rejection in renal transplantation, Treatment of aplastic anemia, Prevention of graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
At a glance
| Generic name | Antithymocyte globulin |
|---|---|
| Also known as | ATG, Thymoglobulin®, Rabbit antithymocyte globulin, RATG, Atgam |
| Sponsor | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| Drug class | Polyclonal antithymocyte antibody |
| Target | Multiple T-cell surface antigens (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Immunology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
ATG is derived from immunizing horses or rabbits with human thymocytes, producing a mixture of antibodies against multiple T-cell antigens. These antibodies bind to T cells and mark them for destruction via complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, resulting in profound T-cell depletion. This immunosuppressive effect is used to prevent graft rejection in transplantation and to treat certain T-cell mediated autoimmune conditions.
Approved indications
- Prevention of acute organ rejection in renal transplantation
- Treatment of aplastic anemia
- Prevention of graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Common side effects
- Fever and chills
- Thrombocytopenia
- Leukopenia
- Serum sickness
- Infection (due to immunosuppression)
- Lymphadenopathy
Key clinical trials
- A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Frexalimab Versus Tacrolimus in Adults Undergoing Kidney Transplantation (PHASE2, PHASE3)
- Upfront Autologous HSCT Versus Immunosuppression in Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (PHASE4)
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for GATA2 Mutations (PHASE2)
- Study of Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic (PK) and Pharmacodynamic (PD) of an Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody, CFZ533, in Kidney Transplant Recipients (PHASE2)
- Ruxolitinib-Decitabine Intensified Conditioning Regimen for AML: A Randomized Trial (PHASE4)
- Study on the Efficacy and Safety of the TmBU Conditioning Regimen in High-risk or Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemia (PHASE2)
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Disorders of T-cell Proliferation and/or Dysregulation (PHASE2)
- A Randomized Phase 1/2 Trial of Low Dose Anti-thymocyte Globulin (ATG) With Subsequent Adalimumab or Verapamil in New Onset Type 1 Diabetes (PHASE1, PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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