Adults 40 to 65, any sex, with Pain, Procedural or Pain, Postoperative. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.
Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.
Mediastinal Chest Tube PainPrimary· T0: 20 minutes before chest tube removal; T1: immediately before chest tube removal; T2: during chest tube removal; T3: 5 minutes after chest tube removal; T4: 10 minutes after chest tube removal; T5: 15 minutes after chest tube removal
Mediastinal chest tube pain refers to the intensity of pain experienced by participants during and after removal of the mediastinal chest tube. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), a 10-cm horizontal scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), with higher scores indicating greater pain severity. Measurements were obtained at predefined time points before, during, and after tube removal. Mediastinal chest tube pain was compared between the vibration, vibration combined with cold, and control groups at multiple predefined time point
20 minutes before mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
1.38
± 1.44
Vibration & Cold Application
1.76
± 1.49
Control
1.43
± 1.59
immediately before mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.21
± 0.61
Vibration & Cold Application
0.12
± 0.49
Control
1.50
± 1.62
during mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
3.85
± 1.11
Vibration & Cold Application
3.00
± 1.48
Control
5.43
± 1.04
5 minutes after mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.78
± 1.11
Vibration & Cold Application
0.46
± 0.98
Control
2.65
± 1.65
10 minutes after mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.04
± 0.23
Vibration & Cold Application
0.00
± 0.00
Control
0.53
± 1.03
15 minutes after mediastinal chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.00
± 0.00
Vibration & Cold Application
0.00
± 0.00
Control
0.08
± 0.33
Thoracic Chest Tube PainPrimary· T0: 20 minutes before chest tube removal; T1: immediately before chest tube removal; T2: during chest tube removal; T3: 5 minutes after chest tube removal; T4: 10 minutes after chest tube removal; T5: 15 minutes after chest tube removal
Thoracic chest tube pain refers to the intensity of pain experienced by participants during and after removal of the thoracic chest tube. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), a 10-cm horizontal scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), with higher scores indicating greater pain severity. Measurements were obtained at predefined time points before, during, and after chest tube removal. Thoracic chest tube pain was compared between the vibration, vibration combined with cold, and control groups at multiple predefined time points.
20 minutes before thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
3.34
± 1.80
Vibration & Cold Application
3.98
± 1.29
Control
2.93
± 1.89
immediately before thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
1.01
± 1.25
Vibration & Cold Application
0.65
± 1.14
Control
2.93
± 1.89
during thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
6.39
± 0.91
Vibration & Cold Application
5.69
± 1.06
Control
8.33
± 1.09
5 minutes after thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
2.67
± 1.35
Vibration & Cold Application
1.21
± 1.31
Control
5.38
± 1.49
10 minutes after thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.50
± 0.85
Vibration & Cold Application
0.05
± 0.29
Control
2.56
± 1.68
15 minutes after thoracic chest tube removal pain score
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
0.04
± 0.23
Vibration & Cold Application
0.00
± 0.00
Control
0.60
± 1.09
AnxietyPrimary· T0: 20 minutes before chest tube removal; T5: 15 minutes after chest tube removal; change score calculated as T5-T0
Anxiety refers to the level of situational anxiety experienced by participants in relation to chest tube removal. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Anxiety Form (STAI-I), a 20-item self-report scale with total scores ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. Measurements were obtained at predefined time points before and after chest tube removal. State anxiety levels (STAI-I) did not differ between groups at baseline; however, after chest tube removal, both vibration and vibration combined with cold interventions significantly redu
20 minutes before chest tube removal anxiety score (T0)
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
38.19
± 6.07
Vibration & Cold Application
41.16
± 6.13
Control
39.16
± 6.97
15 minutes after chest tube removal anxiety score (T5)
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
25.74
± 3.35
Vibration & Cold Application
24.68
± 2.70
Control
50.32
± 7.63
Anxiety score change (T5-T0)
Group
Value
95% CI
Vibration
-12.45
± 5.58
Vibration & Cold Application
-16.48
± 6.25
Control
11.16
± 5.51
Sponsor's own description
Removal of chest tubes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery can cause severe pain and anxiety, which may negatively affect the recovery process. Integrating non-pharmacological methods into nursing care can help manage pain and anxiety safely and effectively.
This study was conducted to examine the effects of vibration therapy and vibration combined with cold application on pain and anxiety during chest tube removal. The study used a partial single-blind, randomized controlled experimental design. The research was carried out between September 2024 and June 2025 in a Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital. A total of 93 patients who met the study criteria and agreed to participate were included. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a vibration group, a vibration plus cold application group, or a control group that received standard care.
Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and anxiety levels were measured using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I). Measurements were taken six times: before chest tube removal, during the procedure, and after removal.
The results showed that vibration therapy significantly reduced pain and anxiety during chest tube removal. Patients who received vibration combined with cold application experienced further reductions in pain and anxiety and showed more stable vital signs. Patients in the vibration-only group reported higher satisfaction with the intervention.
In conclusion, vibration therapy is a safe, effective, and feasible nursing intervention for reducing pain and anxiety during chest tube removal after CABG surgery. Adding cold application to vibration enhances the effectiveness of the intervention. Based on these findings, integrating vibration therapy into nursing care is recommended, and combining it with cold application may be considered when clinically appropriate.
Publications & conference data
No peer-reviewed publications indexed yet for this trial. Completed trials usually publish results within 12-18 months.
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Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Last refreshed: 11 March 2026
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