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NCT05248984: KING

Dosing of Ketorolac Impacts Post-cesarean paiN manaGemenet (KING)

Completed Phase 4 Results posted Last updated 25 February 2026
What this trial tests

Phase 4 trial testing Ketorolac 30 Mg in Post Cesarean Pain in 92 participants. Completed in 30 November 2023.

Timeline
8 June 2022
Primary endpoint
30 November 2023
30 November 2023

Quick facts

Lead sponsorOhio State University
PhasePhase 4
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingsingle
Primary purposetreatment
Enrollment92
Start date8 June 2022
Primary completion30 November 2023
Estimated completion30 November 2023
Sites1 location across United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

Ohio State University

Who can join

Adults 18 to 45, female only, with Post Cesarean Pain. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Comparing the Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) Use in the First 24 Hours. Postoperatively After Cesarean Section Primary · After cesarean surgery up to 24 hours.

Comparing the morphine milligram equivalents (MME) use in the first 24 hours postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery.

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg7.50 – 22.5
Ketorolac 60 mg7.50 – 15
Comparing the Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) Use During Hospital Stay. Secondary · After cesarean surgery during hospital stay up to 2-3 days.

Comparing the morphine milligram equivalents (MME) use during hospital stay postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery.

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg307.5 – 54.5
Ketorolac 60 mg150 – 37.5
Comparing Patient Reported Pain Score Assessment. Secondary · After cesarean surgery up to 24 hours.

Comparing patient reported pain score assessment on a scale of 0-10 in the first 24 hours postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery. Pain scores postpartum from 0 to 10 based on the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS). 0- No pain 1. Hardly notice pain 2. Notice pain does not interfere with activities 3. Sometimes distracts me 4. Distracts me, can do usual activities 5. Interrupts some activities 6. Hard to ignore, avoid usual activities 7.

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg65 – 7
Ketorolac 60 mg65 – 7
Comparing the Time to First Administration of Opioid Pain Medication Postoperatively. Secondary · After cesarean surgery up to 2-3 days.

Comparing the time to first administration of opioid pain medication postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery.

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg2.752 – 5
Ketorolac 60 mg153 – 25
Pain Score on Discharge Home Secondary · After cesarean surgery during hospital stay up to 2-3 days.

Comparing the pain score on discharge home in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery. Pain scores postpartum from 0 to 10 based on the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS). 0- No pain 1. Hardly notice pain 2. Notice pain does not interfere with activities 3. Sometimes distracts me 4. Distracts me, can do usual activities 5. Interrupts some activities 6. Hard to ignore, avoid usual activities 7. Focus of attention, prevents doing daily activities 8. Awful, hard to do anything 9.

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg20 – 4
Ketorolac 60 mg20 – 4
Number of Participants With Adverse Maternal Outcomes. Secondary · After cesarean surgery during hospital stay up to 2-3 days.

Evaluating adverse maternal outcomes (acute kidney injury, admission to intensive care unit, maternal death).

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg0
Ketorolac 60 mg0
Evaluating Type of Skin Incision. Secondary · After cesarean surgery during hospital stay up to 2-3 days.

Evaluating type of skin incision (Pfannenstiel vs. Vertical Midline).

GroupValue95% CI
Ketorolac 30 mg45
Ketorolac 60 mg45
Ketorolac 30 mg1
Ketorolac 60 mg1

Sponsor's own description

This is a randomized controlled single blinded trial to compare the morphine milligram equivalents (MME) use in the first 24 hours postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery.

Publications & conference data

1 peer-reviewed publication reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Two Perioperative Ketorolac Dosing Regimens After Cesarean Delivery and Opioid Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Eid J, Caplan M, Goel N, Poirier MV, et al · · 2026 · PMID 41908170 · DOI 10.1097/og9.0000000000000159

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Data sources for this page

Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT05248984.

Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing