National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Who can join
Adults 18 to 99, any sex, with COVID-19. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.
Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.
The Proportion of Participants Not Meeting Criteria for One of the Following Two Ordinal Scale Categories at Any Time: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)Primary· Day 1 through Day 29
Mechanical ventilation-free survival was assessed through Day 29, defined as the proportion of participants who had not died nor were hospitalized on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO as of Day 29. Results are reported as Kaplan Meier estimates.
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.87
0.84 – 0.90
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.88
0.84 – 0.90
Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)Secondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
1.1
-0.9 – 3.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
4.3
1.2 – 7.4
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
6.0
0.8 – 11.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
15.9
11.6 – 20.1
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
4.7
-5.9 – 15.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
16.1
2.6 – 29.7
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
5.6
-2.0 – 13.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
15.5
4.1 – 26.9
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
7.1
-1.1 – 15.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
8.2
-3.3 – 19.8
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-3.8
-16.3 – 1.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
1.1
-26.3 – 18.5
Change From Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)Secondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate AST was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-5.9
-8.1 – -3.6
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-7.2
-12.8 – -1.7
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-4.0
-11.9 – 3.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-8.5
-13.1 – -4.0
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-10.8
-19.8 – -1.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-12.0
-27.6 – 3.6
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-12.1
-19.4 – -4.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-16.4
-23.0 – -9.8
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-13.4
-19.9 – -6.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-15.4
-20.8 – -10.0
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-18.6
-23.8 – -13.4
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
9.9
-53.3 – 73.2
Change From Baseline in C-reactive Protein (CRP)Secondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate CRP was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-41.1
-46.6 – -35.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-61.0
-66.9 – -55.2
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-39.4
-46.0 – -32.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-73.6
-80.1 – -67.0
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-53.0
-60.3 – -45.7
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-79.0
-86.1 – -72.0
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-61.6
-69.2 – -54.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-81.6
-88.9 – -74.3
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-73.2
-80.8 – -65.7
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-81.1
-88.7 – -73.4
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-78.6
-86.2 – -70.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-84.1
-91.8 – -76.4
Change From Baseline in CreatinineSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate serum creatinine was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.207
-0.521 – 0.108
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.081
-0.102 – -0.059
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.287
-0.701 – 0.127
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.122
-0.147 – -0.097
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.434
-1.175 – 0.308
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.096
-0.132 – -0.060
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.007
-0.121 – 0.135
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.102
-0.165 – -0.039
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.011
-0.101 – 0.080
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.024
-0.086 – 0.039
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.064
-0.100 – -0.029
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.029
-0.090 – 0.031
Change From Baseline in D-dimer ConcentrationSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate d-dimer concentration was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.8
0.3 – 1.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.2
-0.1 – 0.6
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.7
0.3 – 1.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.7
0.2 – 1.2
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.7
0.2 – 1.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.9
0.3 – 1.5
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.7
0.0 – 1.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.5
0.0 – 0.9
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.1
-0.2 – 0.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.3
-0.1 – 0.7
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.1
-0.2 – 0.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.2
-0.2 – 0.6
Change From Baseline in GlucoseSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate glucose was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-46.9
-53.0 – -40.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
3.8
-2.4 – 10.0
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-43.2
-50.9 – -35.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-6.7
-14.9 – 1.5
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-35.0
-45.5 – -24.4
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-9.6
-22.0 – 2.8
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-28.1
-43.2 – -13.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-15.0
-30.6 – 0.6
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-26.0
-35.3 – -16.6
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-20.2
-31.3 – -9.1
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-28.9
-38.8 – -19.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-25.4
-36.1 – -14.8
Change From Baseline in HemoglobinSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate hemoglobin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.51
-0.59 – -0.43
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.25
-0.35 – -0.15
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.64
-0.80 – -0.47
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.13
-0.25 – 0.00
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-1.08
-1.28 – -0.88
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.15
-0.37 – 0.07
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-1.44
-1.75 – -1.13
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.76
-1.03 – -0.48
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.97
-1.23 – -0.71
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.91
-1.13 – -0.69
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.51
-0.75 – -0.28
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.66
-0.93 – -0.39
Change From Baseline in PlateletsSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate platelets was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
53.1
48.6 – 57.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
70.4
65.6 – 75.1
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
107.4
98.8 – 116.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
117.6
108.9 – 126.4
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
178.9
161.4 – 196.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
140.4
125.7 – 155.1
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
193.9
166.5 – 221.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
105.0
86.7 – 123.4
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
139.6
119.0 – 160.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
45.3
29.4 – 61.1
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
35.3
22.8 – 47.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
69.4
56.1 – 82.7
Change From Baseline in Prothrombin International Normalized Ratio (INR)Secondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate INR was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.06
0.04 – 0.09
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.01
-0.08 – 0.06
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.11
0.09 – 0.13
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.03
-0.13 – 0.07
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.11
0.08 – 0.14
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.08
-0.25 – 0.09
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.09
0.03 – 0.14
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.14
-0.42 – 0.14
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.00
-0.03 – 0.03
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.04
-0.08 – 0.00
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.06
-0.09 – -0.04
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.05
-0.08 – -0.03
Change From Baseline in Total BilirubinSecondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate total bilirubin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.00
-0.02 – 0.02
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.09
-0.11 – -0.07
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.06
0.03 – 0.08
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.03
-0.06 – 0.01
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.03
-0.01 – 0.06
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.03
-0.01 – 0.07
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.04
-0.03 – 0.11
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.05
-0.01 – 0.11
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.01
-0.06 – 0.04
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.03
-0.02 – 0.08
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
-0.02
-0.05 – 0.02
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
-0.05
-0.10 – -0.01
Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count (WBC)Secondary· Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29
Blood to evaluate WBC was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.
Day 3
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.433
0.196 – 0.670
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
1.292
1.054 – 1.529
Day 5
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
1.358
1.006 – 1.709
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
2.072
1.712 – 2.432
Day 8
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
2.629
1.946 – 3.311
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
4.048
3.415 – 4.681
Day 11
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
4.153
3.098 – 5.209
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
5.179
4.177 – 6.182
Day 15
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
1.638
0.965 – 2.310
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
2.386
1.697 – 3.074
Day 29
Group
Value
95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
0.688
0.103 – 1.273
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
0.116
-0.468 – 0.699
Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Time frame: Serious and Grade 3 and 4 non-serious adverse events were collected for 29 days after the first dose. Laboratory values were systematically assessed at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29. Treatment emergent and fatal AEs are reported..
Reporting threshold: 5%.
Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.
ACTT-4 will evaluate the combination of baricitinib and remdesivir compared to dexamethasone and remdesivir. Subjects will be assessed daily while hospitalized. If the subjects are discharged from the hospital, they will have a study visit at Days 15, 22, and 29. For discharged subjects, it is preferred that the Day 15 and 29 visits are in person to obtain safety laboratory tests, oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, plasma (Day 29), and serum for secondary research as well as clinical outcome data. However, if infection control or other restrictions limit the ability of the subject to return to the clinic, these visits may be conducted by phone, and only clinical data will be obtained. The Day 22 visit does not have laboratory tests or collection of samples and is conducted by phone. The primary objective is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of baricitinib + remdesivir versus dexamethasone + remdesivir as assessed by the mechanical ventilation free survival by Day 29.
Publications & conference data
8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):
NCT07543458 — Therapeutics for Moderate and Severe Dengue
· Phase 3
· not yet recruiting
NCT06381661 — Adaptive Platform Trial for Personnalisation of Sepsis Treatment in Children and Adults: a Multi-national, Treatable Tra
· Phase 2
· not yet recruiting
NCT07535645 — Baricitinib for Post-HSCT Persistent Thrombocytopenia
· Phase 1, PHASE2
· not yet recruiting
NCT07268534 — Biologics in Folliculitis Decalvans : an Adaptative Trial Research
· Phase 2
· not yet recruiting
NCT06923072 — Baricitinib in the Treatment of Kohlmeier-Degos Disease in Patients With Neurological Involvement
· Phase 2
· recruiting
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Publications: Europe PMC API search by NCT ID, retrieved 10 June 2026
Drug + disease cross-links: matched in real time against Drug Landscape's normalised drug + company + condition tables
Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Last refreshed: 28 June 2022
Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT04640168.