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NCT04640168

Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 4 (ACTT-4)

Completed Phase 3 Results posted Last updated 28 June 2022
What this trial tests

Phase 3 trial testing Baricitinib in COVID-19 in 1,010 participants. Completed in 18 June 2021.

Timeline
2 December 2020
Primary endpoint
18 May 2021
18 June 2021

Quick facts

Lead sponsorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
PhasePhase 3
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingdouble
Primary purposetreatment
Enrollment1,010
Start date2 December 2020
Primary completion18 May 2021
Estimated completion18 June 2021
Sites72 locations across Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Singapore, United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Who can join

Adults 18 to 99, any sex, with COVID-19. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

The Proportion of Participants Not Meeting Criteria for One of the Following Two Ordinal Scale Categories at Any Time: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Primary · Day 1 through Day 29

Mechanical ventilation-free survival was assessed through Day 29, defined as the proportion of participants who had not died nor were hospitalized on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO as of Day 29. Results are reported as Kaplan Meier estimates.

GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.870.84 – 0.90
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.880.84 – 0.90
Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib1.1-0.9 – 3.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone4.31.2 – 7.4
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib6.00.8 – 11.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone15.911.6 – 20.1
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib4.7-5.9 – 15.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone16.12.6 – 29.7
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib5.6-2.0 – 13.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone15.54.1 – 26.9
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib7.1-1.1 – 15.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone8.2-3.3 – 19.8
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-3.8-16.3 – 1.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone1.1-26.3 – 18.5
Change From Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate AST was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-5.9-8.1 – -3.6
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-7.2-12.8 – -1.7
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-4.0-11.9 – 3.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-8.5-13.1 – -4.0
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-10.8-19.8 – -1.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-12.0-27.6 – 3.6
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-12.1-19.4 – -4.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-16.4-23.0 – -9.8
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-13.4-19.9 – -6.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-15.4-20.8 – -10.0
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-18.6-23.8 – -13.4
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone9.9-53.3 – 73.2
Change From Baseline in C-reactive Protein (CRP) Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate CRP was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-41.1-46.6 – -35.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-61.0-66.9 – -55.2
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-39.4-46.0 – -32.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-73.6-80.1 – -67.0
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-53.0-60.3 – -45.7
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-79.0-86.1 – -72.0
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-61.6-69.2 – -54.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-81.6-88.9 – -74.3
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-73.2-80.8 – -65.7
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-81.1-88.7 – -73.4
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-78.6-86.2 – -70.9
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-84.1-91.8 – -76.4
Change From Baseline in Creatinine Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate serum creatinine was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.207-0.521 – 0.108
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.081-0.102 – -0.059
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.287-0.701 – 0.127
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.122-0.147 – -0.097
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.434-1.175 – 0.308
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.096-0.132 – -0.060
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.007-0.121 – 0.135
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.102-0.165 – -0.039
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.011-0.101 – 0.080
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.024-0.086 – 0.039
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.064-0.100 – -0.029
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.029-0.090 – 0.031
Change From Baseline in D-dimer Concentration Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate d-dimer concentration was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.80.3 – 1.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.2-0.1 – 0.6
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.70.3 – 1.1
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.70.2 – 1.2
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.70.2 – 1.2
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.90.3 – 1.5
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.70.0 – 1.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.50.0 – 0.9
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.1-0.2 – 0.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.3-0.1 – 0.7
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.1-0.2 – 0.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.2-0.2 – 0.6
Change From Baseline in Glucose Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate glucose was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-46.9-53.0 – -40.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone3.8-2.4 – 10.0
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-43.2-50.9 – -35.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-6.7-14.9 – 1.5
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-35.0-45.5 – -24.4
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-9.6-22.0 – 2.8
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-28.1-43.2 – -13.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-15.0-30.6 – 0.6
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-26.0-35.3 – -16.6
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-20.2-31.3 – -9.1
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-28.9-38.8 – -19.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-25.4-36.1 – -14.8
Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate hemoglobin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.51-0.59 – -0.43
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.25-0.35 – -0.15
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.64-0.80 – -0.47
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.13-0.25 – 0.00
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-1.08-1.28 – -0.88
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.15-0.37 – 0.07
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-1.44-1.75 – -1.13
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.76-1.03 – -0.48
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.97-1.23 – -0.71
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.91-1.13 – -0.69
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.51-0.75 – -0.28
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.66-0.93 – -0.39
Change From Baseline in Platelets Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate platelets was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib53.148.6 – 57.5
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone70.465.6 – 75.1
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib107.498.8 – 116.0
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone117.6108.9 – 126.4
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib178.9161.4 – 196.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone140.4125.7 – 155.1
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib193.9166.5 – 221.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone105.086.7 – 123.4
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib139.6119.0 – 160.3
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone45.329.4 – 61.1
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib35.322.8 – 47.8
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone69.456.1 – 82.7
Change From Baseline in Prothrombin International Normalized Ratio (INR) Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate INR was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.060.04 – 0.09
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.01-0.08 – 0.06
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.110.09 – 0.13
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.03-0.13 – 0.07
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.110.08 – 0.14
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.08-0.25 – 0.09
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.090.03 – 0.14
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.14-0.42 – 0.14
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.00-0.03 – 0.03
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.04-0.08 – 0.00
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.06-0.09 – -0.04
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.05-0.08 – -0.03
Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate total bilirubin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.00-0.02 – 0.02
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.09-0.11 – -0.07
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.060.03 – 0.08
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.03-0.06 – 0.01
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.03-0.01 – 0.06
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.03-0.01 – 0.07
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.04-0.03 – 0.11
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.05-0.01 – 0.11
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.01-0.06 – 0.04
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.03-0.02 – 0.08
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib-0.02-0.05 – 0.02
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone-0.05-0.10 – -0.01
Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count (WBC) Secondary · Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Blood to evaluate WBC was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.4330.196 – 0.670
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone1.2921.054 – 1.529
Day 5
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib1.3581.006 – 1.709
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone2.0721.712 – 2.432
Day 8
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib2.6291.946 – 3.311
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone4.0483.415 – 4.681
Day 11
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib4.1533.098 – 5.209
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone5.1794.177 – 6.182
Day 15
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib1.6380.965 – 2.310
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone2.3861.697 – 3.074
Day 29
GroupValue95% CI
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib0.6880.103 – 1.273
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone0.116-0.468 – 0.699

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: Serious and Grade 3 and 4 non-serious adverse events were collected for 29 days after the first dose. Laboratory values were systematically assessed at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29. Treatment emergent and fatal AEs are reported.. Reporting threshold: 5%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib
Serious: 95/503 (19%)
Deaths: 28/516
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone
Serious: 94/482 (20%)
Deaths: 34/494

Serious adverse events (62 terms)

ReactionSystemRemdesivir Plus BaricitinibRemdesivir Plus Dexamethas…
Respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute respiratory failureRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary embolismRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory distressRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute kidney injuryRenal and urinary disorders
PneumoniaInfections and infestations
Multiple organ dysfunction syndromeGeneral disorders
Septic shockInfections and infestations
SepsisInfections and infestations
HypoxiaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
LymphopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders
Pneumonia bacterialInfections and infestations
Failure to thriveMetabolism and nutrition disorders
Cerebrovascular accidentNervous system disorders
Cardiac arrestCardiac disorders
Cardio-respiratory arrestCardiac disorders
Myocardial infarctionCardiac disorders
Supraventricular tachycardiaCardiac disorders
Glomerular filtration rate decreasedInvestigations
Renal failureRenal and urinary disorders
Acute respiratory distress syndromeRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
HypotensionVascular disorders
ShockVascular disorders
AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders
HypercoagulationBlood and lymphatic system disorders
Other adverse events (1 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemRemdesivir Plus BaricitinibRemdesivir Plus Dexamethas…
Lymphocyte count decreasedInvestigations

Most-reported serious reactions: Respiratory failure, Acute respiratory failure, Pulmonary embolism, Respiratory distress, Acute kidney injury, Pneumonia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Septic shock.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04640168 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

ACTT-4 will evaluate the combination of baricitinib and remdesivir compared to dexamethasone and remdesivir. Subjects will be assessed daily while hospitalized. If the subjects are discharged from the hospital, they will have a study visit at Days 15, 22, and 29. For discharged subjects, it is preferred that the Day 15 and 29 visits are in person to obtain safety laboratory tests, oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, plasma (Day 29), and serum for secondary research as well as clinical outcome data. However, if infection control or other restrictions limit the ability of the subject to return to the clinic, these visits may be conducted by phone, and only clinical data will be obtained. The Day 22 visit does not have laboratory tests or collection of samples and is conducted by phone. The primary objective is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of baricitinib + remdesivir versus dexamethasone + remdesivir as assessed by the mechanical ventilation free survival by Day 29.

Publications & conference data

8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Tofacitinib in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia.
    Guimarães PO, Quirk D, Furtado RH, Maia LN, et al · · 2021 · cited 348× · PMID 34133856 · DOI 10.1056/nejmoa2101643
  2. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis and Therapy.
    Zanza C, Romenskaya T, Manetti AC, Franceschi F, et al · · 2022 · cited 211× · PMID 35208467 · DOI 10.3390/medicina58020144
  3. An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment.
    Drożdżal S, Rosik J, Lechowicz K, Machaj F, et al · · 2021 · cited 186× · PMID 34991982 · DOI 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100794
  4. Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19.
    Wagner C, Griesel M, Mikolajewska A, Mueller A, et al · · 2021 · cited 151× · PMID 34396514 · DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd014963
  5. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19.
    Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai KL, Tomlinson E, et al · · 2021 · cited 126× · PMID 34473343 · DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013825.pub2
  6. The Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Clinical Trials Provide Very Effective Therapeutic Combinations: Lessons Learned From Major Clinical Studies.
    Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Agoramoorthy G, et al · · 2021 · cited 97× · PMID 34867318 · DOI 10.3389/fphar.2021.704205
  7. Selectivity, efficacy and safety of JAKinibs: new evidence for a still evolving story.
    Bonelli M, Kerschbaumer A, Kastrati K, Ghoreschi K, et al · · 2024 · cited 95× · PMID 37923366 · DOI 10.1136/ard-2023-223850
  8. JAK-STAT signaling in human disease: From genetic syndromes to clinical inhibition.
    Luo Y, Alexander M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ, et al · · 2021 · cited 92× · PMID 34625141 · DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.004

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