Adults 18 to 60, any sex, with Memory. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.
Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.
Reaction Time Changes During N-Back Task in Responses to Different TMS FrequenciesPrimary· Single visit (~2 hours)
During the TMS/fMRI scan, participants perform a working memory task (N-back). To evaluate how different repetitive TMS frequencies (5, 10, and 20 Hz) impact reaction time during N-back task, each rTMS train is followed by a block of the N-back task. A decoder identifies one frequency as optimal frequency and another as suboptimal frequency. Reaction Time during optimal, suboptimal, and no stimulation condition is assessed by taking average of reaction time on accurate trials with faster reaction times indicating better performance.
Group
Value
95% CI
N-Back Performance During Optimal Stimulation
0.5853
± 0.0980
N-back Performance During Suboptimal Stimulation
0.5978
± 0.1496
N-back Performance During No Stimulation
0.6012
± 0.0961
Accuracy Changes During N-Back Task in Responses to Different TMS FrequenciesPrimary· Single visit (~2 hours)
During the TMS/fMRI scan, participants perform a working memory task (N-back). To evaluate how different repetitive TMS frequencies (5, 10, and 20 Hz) impact accuracy during N-back task, each rTMS train is followed by a block of the N-back task. A decoder identifies one frequency as optimal frequency and another as suboptimal frequency. Accuracy during optimal, suboptimal, and no stimulation condition is assessed by taking average of all the trials with better accuracy indicating better performance.
Group
Value
95% CI
N-Back Performance During Optimal Stimulation
91.27
± 16.30
N-back Performance During Suboptimal Stimulation
90.71
± 12.87
N-back Performance During No Stimulation
90.54
± 13.14
Reaction Time Changes in the Delayed Matching to Sample Task Following Optimal vs. Suboptimal rTMS StimulationPrimary· Up to 1 month
Each subject completes two 3-day neuromodulation sessions, one using their 'optimal' rTMS frequency, and the other using their 'suboptimal' rTMS frequency, as determined by their TMS/fMRI visit. After each neuromodulation session, subjects complete a working memory task (Delayed Match to Sample). The delay period reflects how long participants can retain the information in working memory. Common delay periods used in research, including our study, are 0 seconds, 4 seconds, and 12 seconds.The outcome measure shows the reaction time for each of these variables.
Reaction Time (0 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.0173
± 0.1423
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
1.7568
± 0.0890
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
1.9316
± 0.1862
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.0608
± 0.1542
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
1.9118
± 0.1068
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
1.9139
± 0.1163
Reaction Time (4 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.6640
± 0.1936
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
2.4269
± 0.1537
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
2.1726
± 0.1292
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.3907
± 0.1615
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
2.3268
± 0.1694
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
2.4788
± 0.2135
Reaction Time (12 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.7351
± 0.1588
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
2.5593
± 0.1995
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
2.4400
± 0.1602
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
2.4901
± 0.1377
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
2.5741
± 0.2054
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
2.6478
± 0.2501
Accuracy Changes in the Delayed Matching to Sample Task Following Optimal vs. Suboptimal rTMS StimulationPrimary· Up to 1 month
Each subject completes two 3-day neuromodulation sessions, one using their 'optimal' rTMS frequency, and the other using their 'suboptimal' rTMS frequency, as determined by their TMS/fMRI visit. After each neuromodulation session, subjects complete a working memory task (Delayed Match to Sample). The delay period reflects how long participants can retain the information in working memory. Common delay periods used in research, including our study, are 0 seconds, 4 seconds, and 12 seconds.The outcome measure shows the accuracy for each of these variables.
Accuracy (0 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
84.2667
± 3.2161
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
88.1011
± 2.0073
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
83.9079
± 3.6464
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
86.0638
± 2.7408
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
87.8524
± 2.3671
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
84.3748
± 2.8921
Accuracy (4 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
79.5037
± 2.6388
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
78.1085
± 2.7024
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
84.4127
± 2.8358
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
78.2541
± 3.0680
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
81.3003
± 3.5756
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
77.5741
± 2.8761
Accuracy (12 sec delay)
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
79.4809
± 2.7578
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
77.6172
± 3.0897
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
88.0465
± 2.5656
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
76.4133
± 3.4818
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
76.1351
± 3.1626
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
79.9014
± 3.4101
Reaction Time Changes in the Reaction Time Index Task Following Optimal vs. Suboptimal rTMS StimulationSecondary· Up to 1 month
Each subject completes two 3-day neuromodulation sessions, one using their 'optimal' rTMS frequency, and the other using their 'suboptimal' rTMS frequency, as determined by their TMS/fMRI visit. After each neuromodulation session, subjects complete a reaction time index task that acted as a control task. The outcome measure shows the reaction time.
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
0.716
± 0.072
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
0.722
± 0.108
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
0.687
± 0.085
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
0.736
± 0.117
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
0.713
± 0.102
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
0.693
± 0.093
Movement Time Changes in the Reaction Time Index Task Following Optimal vs. Suboptimal rTMS StimulationSecondary· Up to 1 month
Each subject completes two 3-day neuromodulation sessions, one using their 'optimal' rTMS frequency, and the other using their 'suboptimal' rTMS frequency, as determined by their TMS/fMRI visit. After each neuromodulation session, subjects complete a reaction time index task that acted as a control task. The outcome measure shows the movement time.
Group
Value
95% CI
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-1
0.411
± 0.049
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-2
0.417
± 0.087
Optimal Neuromodulation Day-3
0.381
± 0.072
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-1
0.411
± 0.098
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-2
0.406
± 0.074
Suboptimal Neuromodulation Day-3
0.395
± 0.076
Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Time frame: Adverse event data was collected from study enrollment until study completion (up to 8 weeks).
Reporting threshold: 0%.
Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.
The study is investigating working memory brain states by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The study uses a novel, individualized targeting approach for TMS based on each subject's individual multi-modal fMRI data. The individualized target will be stimulated in a TMS/ fMRI imaging session to investigate working memory states and optimal stimulation frequencies.
Publications & conference data
No peer-reviewed publications indexed yet for this trial. Completed trials usually publish results within 12-18 months.
Drug + disease cross-links: matched in real time against Drug Landscape's normalised drug + company + condition tables
Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by University of Pennsylvania
Last refreshed: 17 July 2025
Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT04402294.