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NCT04247620: DiaBetter

DiaBetter Together for Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

Completed Phase 2 Results posted Last updated 16 December 2025
What this trial tests

Phase 2 trial testing DiaBetter Together in Type 1 Diabetes in 144 participants. Completed in 30 September 2024.

Timeline
15 December 2020
Primary endpoint
30 September 2024
30 September 2024

Quick facts

Lead sponsorBaylor College of Medicine
PhasePhase 2
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingsingle
Primary purposesupportive care
Enrollment144
Start date15 December 2020
Primary completion30 September 2024
Estimated completion30 September 2024
Sites1 location across United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

Baylor College of Medicine

Who can join

Adults 17 to 35, any sex, with Type 1 Diabetes. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Glycemic Control (HbA1c) Primary · Baseline through 12-Month Post-Randomization

HbA1c is the average blood glucose over 3-4 months. The American Diabetes Association recommends an HbA1c target of \<7.0%. HbA1c is collected via fingerstick/blood assay at routine diabetes visits and will be extracted from the medical record at each clinic visit during the study period. At Baseline and 12 months, HbA1c will be collected using the following methods: 1. Collection of most recent HbA1c from review of electronic medical chart (Texas Children's or Baylor College of Medicine) or medical records from outside provider (obtained with written permission from participant). 2. A dried

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention9.1± 2.0
Peer Mentors6.5± 0.7
Usual Care8.5± 2.0
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention9.2± 2.3
Usual Care8.6± 1.9
Time to First Adult Care Visit Secondary · End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

Time will start on the date of the last pediatric care visit (may differ from date of enrollment in study). The event of interest is the date of the first adult care visit. Participants who do not follow-up with an adult care provider within 12 months of the last pediatric visit will be censored for the event at the 12-month time point. Collected for young adult participants in both arms, not Peer Mentors.

GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.7± 2.1
Usual Care7.7± 2.9
Diabetes Self-Management/Adherence (Self-Care Inventory-Updated) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Self-Care Inventory-Updated (SCI-U) is a 8-item measure that asks respondents the frequency with which they completed diabetes self-management tasks in the past 1-2 months. Item responses range from (1) Never to (5) Always, higher scores = higher adherence. A total score is calculated by summing and averaging all items, with no subscales. The minimum possible score is 8 and the maximum possible score is 40. Higher scores indicate higher engagement in diabetes self-management behaviors. Collected for young adult participants in both arms (baseline, 6 mo, 12 mo) and Peer Mentors (pre- and p

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention3.8± 0.7
Usual Care4.0± 0.6
Peer Mentors4.1± 0.5
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.0± 0.7
Usual Care3.9± 0.7
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention3.9± 0.7
Usual Care3.9± 0.6
Peer Mentors4.1± 0.5
Health-Related Quality of Life (Type 1 Diabetes and Life) Secondary · Baseline and End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) measure assesses diabetes-specific health-related quality of life. Participants will complete the T1DAL version for their age (Adolescent: 12-17, 23 items; Young Adult: 18-25, 27 items; Adult-1: 26-45, 27 items), which asks respondents to rate the degree to which each item is true about their everyday quality of life with diabetes. Items responses range from 1 (not at all true) to 5 (very true). Total scores are calculated by reverse-scoring items as indicated in the measure development paper instructions, then calculating a mean score and multiplying by 25

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention65.5± 15.8
Usual Care66.7± 15.4
Peer Mentors65.6± 12.5
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention68.4± 16.0
Usual Care63.0± 14.6
Peer Mentors61.6± 14.5
Diabetes Strengths (Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Diabetes Strengths and Resilience (DSTAR) measure assesses participants' self-perceptions about what they do well with diabetes (known as diabetes strengths). Participants will complete the Young Adult version of the DSTAR, which asks respondents to rate how often the items represent their experiences/perspectives about their diabetes strengths. Items responses range from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). A total score is calculated by summing the 16 item responses. Lowest possible total score = 0, highest possible total score = 64. Higher total scores = more diabetes strengths. Collected f

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention50.4± 10.1
Usual Care50.0± 9.3
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention52.1± 9.2
Usual Care49.7± 9.4
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention52.8± 8.6
Usual Care50.1± 10.4
Social Support (Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale) Secondary · Baseline & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale (Brief-2SSS) is a 12-item measure that assesses experiences of giving and receiving social support. There are 4 scales: giving emotional support, giving instrumental support, receiving emotional support, receiving instrumental support. Items responses range 0 (not at all) to 5 (always). Higher scores = higher perceived support. Young adults complete all subscales at baseline and 12 months, and only the 2 "Receiving" subscales at 6 months. Peer Mentors completed all 4 subscales. A Total score (combined) is calculated by summing all items, Range 0-60. Colle

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention50.2± 7.0
Usual Care46.5± 9.0
Peer Mentors52.1± 4.5
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention50.3± 7.9
Usual Care47.1± 10.0
Peer Mentors52.7± 5.4
Diabetes Distress (Diabetes Distress Scale for Adults With T1D) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Diabetes Distress Scale for Adults with T1D (DDS-T1D) is a 28-item self-report scale that measures participants' experiences with distress related to living with diabetes. It assesses seven dimensions of distress: powerlessness, management distress, hypoglycemia distress, negative social perceptions, eating distress, physician distress, and friends/family distress. Items responses range from 1 (not a problem) to 6 (a very serious problem). The total DDS-T1 score is calculated by averaging the items . Min possible total score = 1, Max = 6. Higher scores = more diabetes distress; average sco

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention2.3± 1.0
Usual Care2.0± 0.7
Peer Mentors1.8± 0.6
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention1.8± 0.8
Usual Care2.0± 0.7
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention1.7± 0.7
Usual Care2.0± 0.8
Peer Mentors1.8± 0.6
Depressive Symptoms (PROMIS Short Form Depression 4a) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The PROMIS Short Form Depression 4a consists of 4 items that are pulled from the PROMIS Depression Item Bank v1.0. These items assess how often the individual has been bothered by depression-related symptoms, including negative mood (sadness, guilt), views of self (self-criticism, worthlessness), and social cognition (loneliness, interpersonal alienation), and decreased positive affect and engagement (loss of interest, meaning, and purpose), over the last 7 days. Items responses range from 1 (never) to 5 (always). A total score is calculated by summing the items, ranging from 4-20. Higher scor

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention7.3± 4.2
Usual Care7.2± 3.6
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention6.0± 3.1
Usual Care8.0± 4.1
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention7.1± 4.0
Usual Care7.5± 4.2
Emotional Support (PROMIS Short Form Emotional Support 4a) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The PROMIS Short Form Emotional Support 4a assesses perceived feelings of being cared for and valued as a person and having supportive relationships. Participants respond to 4 items on a scale from 1(Never) to 5 (Always) . A total score is calculated by summing the items. The possible range is 4-20. Higher scores = more perceived emotional support. Collected for young adult participants in both arms, not Peer Mentors.

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention16.7± 4.3
Usual Care16.8± 3.8
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention17.5± 3.1
Usual Care16.8± 3.7
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention17.6± 2.7
Usual Care16.4± 3.8
Informational Support (PROMIS Short Form Informational Support 4a) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The PROMIS Short Form Informational Support 4a assesses perceptions about the information or resources others provide to them (adequacy, availability, helpfulness). Participants respond to 4 items on a scale from 1(Never) to 5 (Always). A total score is calculated by summing the items. The possible range is 4-20. Higher scores = more perceived informational support. Collected for young adult participants in both arms, not Peer Mentors.

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention16.2± 4.0
Usual Care15.9± 3.9
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention17.2± 2.9
Usual Care16.5± 3.4
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention17.0± 3.5
Usual Care16.3± 4.0
Social Isolation (PROMIS Short Form Social Isolation Item) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The PROMIS Short Form Social Isolation item is a single-item measure from the PROMIS item bank that assesses participants' feelings of being isolated from other people. There is no time frame for responding to this measure. Participants respond to 1 item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always), which is equivalent to the total score (higher = more perceived isolation). Collected for young adult participants in both arms (baseline, 6, \& 12 mos), not Peer Mentors.

Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention2.6± 1.3
Usual Care2.5± 1.1
6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention2.2± 1.1
Usual Care2.8± 1.3
End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention2.5± 1.1
Usual Care2.5± 1.3
Transition Readiness (Readiness Assessment of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed in Youth) Secondary · Baseline, 6-Month Post-Randomization, & End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization

The Readiness Assessment of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed in Youth (READDY) is a 46-item self-report scale that measures participants' preparation for the transition to adult diabetes care, including: knowledge of diabetes, navigation of diabetes care, management skills and behaviors, and insulin pump skills if applicable. Only 18 items from the 3 subscales \[Knowledge (4 items - baseline and 12 mos only), Navigation (13 items, baseline, 6 and 12 mos), Health Behaviors (1 item, baseline and 12 mo only)\] will be administered for this study. Items responses range from 0 (haven'

Knowledge Scale - Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention3.9± 1.0
Usual Care3.9± 1.1
Knowledge Scale - 6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.3± 0.8
Usual Care4.0± 1.2
Knowledge Scale - End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.4± 0.8
Usual Care4.0± 1.1
Navigation Scale - Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.3± 0.6
Usual Care4.3± 0.8
Navigation Scale - 6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.5± 0.6
Usual Care4.3± 0.8
Navigation Scale - End of Study at 12 Months Post-Randomization
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.7± 0.5
Usual Care4.4± 0.7
Health Behaviors Scale - Baseline
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.8± 0.6
Usual Care4.7± 1.0
Health Behaviors Scale - 6 months
GroupValue95% CI
DiaBetter Together Intervention4.8± 0.4
Usual Care4.7± 0.9

Sponsor's own description

DiaBetter Together is a strengths-based peer support intervention delivered to young adults (age 17-25) by trained Peer Mentors (age 20-35) during the transition between pediatric and adult diabetes care. The aims of this proposed randomized controlled trial are to evaluate the impact of the intervention on glycemic control (primary), time to first adult care visit, adherence, and psychosocial outcomes (secondary) in young adults with T1D after 12 months.

Publications & conference data

4 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Here for You: A Review of Social Support Research in Young Adults With Diabetes.
    Carreon SA, Duran B, Tang TS, Streisand R, et al · · 2021 · cited 14× · PMID 34866869 · DOI 10.2337/dsi21-0013
  2. DiaBetter Together: Clinical trial protocol for a strengths-based Peer Mentor intervention for young adults with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult care.
    Carreon SA, Minard CG, Lyons SK, Levy W, et al · · 2024 · cited 4× · PMID 39395533 · DOI 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107713
  3. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes
    Macke CA, Carreon SA, Desai KR, Minard CG, et al · · 2025
  4. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.
    Macke CA, Carreon SA, Desai KR, Minard CG, et al · · 2025 · PMID 40750525 · DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127083

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Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT04247620.

Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing