Adults 18 to 89, any sex, with Cardiovascular Diseases or Adherence, Medication. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.
Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.
Medication AdherencePrimary· 12 months after intervention
The primary outcome was medication adherence defined by the proportion of days covered (PDC) using pharmacy refill data adjusted difference from usual care.
Group
Value
95% CI
Generic Nudge
.606
.594 – .618
Optimized Nudge
.620
.609 – .633
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
.623
.612 – .635
Usual Care
.630
.618 – .640
Mean Proportion of Days Covered Relative to Usual CarePrimary· 12 months
We analyzed this longitudinal data (up to 12 observations per patient) and estimated absolute differences in PDC between treatment arms and usual care using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model with an identity link and independence with unequal variances for the covariance structure of the 12 observations .A multistage gatekeeper approach was used to account for multiple treatment comparisons by comparing each of the 3 treatment arms to the control in stage 1 using significance levels of 0.05/3, and if any test was significant, a significance level of (R/3)\*(0.05/3) using the Holm m
Group
Value
95% CI
Generic Nudge
0.022
0.003 – 0.042
Optimized Nudge
0.020
0.001 – 0.039
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
0.023
0.004 – 0.042
HospitalizationSecondary· one year
estimated probability of hospitalization at one year
Group
Value
95% CI
Generic Nudge
.13
.115 – .144
Optimized Nudge
.136
.121 – .151
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
.136
.121 – .151
Usual Care
.143
.128 – .158
DeathSecondary· one year
estimated probability of death at one year
Group
Value
95% CI
Generic Nudge
.031
.03 – .039
Optimized Nudge
.026
.019 – .033
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
.027
.020 – .034
Usual Care
.033
.025 – .041
Emergency Department VisitSecondary· one year
estimated probability of emergency department visit at one year
Group
Value
95% CI
Generic Nudge
.292
.272 – .311
Optimized Nudge
.285
.265 – .305
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
.294
.274 – .313
Usual Care
.301
.281 – .321
Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Time frame: 12 months.
Reporting threshold: 5%.
Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.
Generic Nudge
Serious: 267/2324 (11%)
Deaths: 63/2324
Optimized Nudge
Serious: 283/2305 (12%)
Deaths: 53/2305
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Chat Bot
Serious: 283/2319 (12%)
Deaths: 55/2319
Usual Care
Serious: 303/2321 (13%)
Deaths: 68/2321
Serious adverse events (1 terms)
Reaction
System
Generic Nudge
Optimized Nudge
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Ch…
Usual Care
Number with All Cause Hospitalization in 12 months
General disorders
—
—
—
—
Other adverse events (1 terms — click to expand)
Reaction
System
Generic Nudge
Optimized Nudge
Optimized Nudge Plus AI Ch…
Usual Care
Number with Emergency Department visits in 12 months
The study plans to learn if sending different text messages, serving as reminders or encouragement, may help patients take their medication more often if they have had trouble keeping up with their medicines.
Publications & conference data
8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):
NCT07078409 — Clinician Nudge to Referral of Adnexal Masses to Gynecologic Oncology
· NA
· enrolling by invitation
NCT06451263 — Nudge to Gynecologic Oncology
· NA
· active not recruiting
NCT05613751 — Enhancing Protection Against Influenza and COVID-19 for Pregnant Women and Medically at Risk Children
· NA
· unknown
NCT05250778 — Nudges on Hospitalist Behavior and Patient Satisfaction
· NA
· completed
NCT04844021 — Adolescent and Child Suicide Prevention in Routine Clinical Encounters
· NA
· completed
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Trials by the same sponsor.
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Publications: Europe PMC API search by NCT ID, retrieved 9 June 2026
Drug + disease cross-links: matched in real time against Drug Landscape's normalised drug + company + condition tables
Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by University of Colorado, Denver
Last refreshed: 2 April 2025
Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT03973931.