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NCT03705169

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of SAR441236

Terminated Phase 1 Results posted Last updated 12 January 2024
What this trial tests

Phase 1 trial testing SAR441236 in HIV-1-infection in 52 participants. Terminated before completion.

Timeline
20 May 2019
Primary endpoint
4 April 2022
4 April 2022

Quick facts

Lead sponsorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
PhasePhase 1
StatusTerminated
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingdouble
Primary purposetreatment
Enrollment52
Start date20 May 2019
Primary completion4 April 2022
Estimated completion4 April 2022
Sites23 locations across United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Who can join

Adults 18 to 70, any sex, with HIV-1-infection. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Proportion of Participants Experiencing a Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE) That is Related to Study Treatment. Primary · Measured from Day 0 through entire study follow-up, up to 24 weeks post study treatment administration for single dose cohorts (all arms) and up to 36 weeks after the fourth study treatment administration for the multi-dose cohort (Arm A only).

The proportion of participants reporting a grade 3 (severe), grade 4 (potentially life-threatening), or grade 5 (death) adverse event, that was judged by the core safety team (blinded to active/placebo treatment in Arms A and C) to be at least possibly related to study treatment. Based on the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), corrected Version 2.1, July 2017

GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.60
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR44123600 – 0.60
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.60
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.31
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.31
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.52
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.84
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.6
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.6
Arm C: 0 mg/kg SAR44123600 – 0.6
Mean Dose-normalized AUC 0-12wk of SAR441236 Primary · SAR441236 PK samples at pre-dose, Hours 0, 2 (Arm A, B only) , 4 (Arm A, B only), 6 (Arm A, B only), and 10, Days 1, 2, 3, 4 (Arm B only), 7, 10 (Arm B only), and Weeks 2, 4, 8 (single dose only), 10 (multi dose only), and 12.

Dose-normalized Area Under the Concentration time curve (AUC) for each participant was calculated from all available SAR441236 concentrations measured prior to and after first treatment and prior to any subsequent treatment instances (Arm A: 30 mg/kg only). Standard noncompartmental techniques, using Phoenix WinNonlin, were used to determine AUC 0-12WK.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR441236593± 282
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR441236631± 120
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR441236610± 54.5
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236743± 296
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236552
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236159
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR441236254± 145
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR441236236± 126
Mean Change in Plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 Copies/mL) From Baseline to Day 7 of SAR441236 Monotherapy for Viremic Participants With HIV (Arm B Cohorts) Primary · Measured at Day 0 and Day 7

Baseline was defined as the last measurement taken prior to treatment initiation. Change was calculated as the log10-transformed value on Day 7 minus the log10-transformed value at baseline.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.10± 0.42
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.38± 0.24
Mean Change in Plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 Copies/mL) From Baseline to Post-infusion Time Points During SAR441236 Monotherapy for Viremic Participants With HIV (Arm B Cohorts) Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and at Day 1, 2, 3, and 4, and Week 1, 2, and 3

Baseline was defined as the last measurement taken prior to treatment initiation. Change was calculated as the log10-transformed value of plasma HIV-1 RNA at the post-infusion time point minus the log10-transformed value at baseline.

Change from baseline to Day 1
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360.04± 0.07
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360.10± 0.12
Change from baseline to Day 2
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360.04± 0.14
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.06± 0.07
Change from baseline to Day 3
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.04± 0.20
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.39± 0.04
Change from baseline to Day 4
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360.01± 0.40
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.68± 0.03
Change from baseline to Week 1
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.10± 0.42
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.38± 0.24
Change from baseline to Week 2
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.08± 0.08
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360.09± 0.38
Change from baseline to Week 3
GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360.03± 0.37
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360.07± 0.48
Mean Change in Plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 Copies/mL) From Baseline to Day 14 of SAR441236 Monotherapy for Viremic Participants With HIV (Arm B Cohorts) Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and Day 14

Baseline was defined as the last measurement taken prior to treatment initiation. Change was calculated as the value of plasma HIV-1 RNA on Day 14 minus the value at baseline.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.08± 0.08
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360.09± 0.38
Mean Maximum Reduction of Plasma HIV-1 RNA During up to 28 Days of SAR441236 Monotherapy for Viremic Participants With HIV (Arm B Cohorts) Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and at up to Day 28 (while on SAR441236 monotherapy)

The maximum reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA was calculated as the largest decline from baseline, defined as the last measurement taken prior to treatment initiation, to any post-infusion timepoint while the participant was on SAR441236 monotherapy (i.e., prior to initiating or reinitiating ART).

GroupValue95% CI
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-0.30± 0.23
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-0.68± 0.03
Attributions of Anti-SAR441236 Antibodies Among Participants in Single-dose Cohorts. Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and at Week 2, 4, 12, and 24

Number of participants who were anti-drug antibody (ADA) negative, ADA positive (treatment induced), and missing were calculated at each sampled timepoint.

ADA Status at Day 0
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412364
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412365
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
ADA Status at Week 2
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412364
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
ADA Status at Week 4
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412364
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
ADA Status at Week 12
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412361
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412363
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
ADA Status at Week 24
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412361
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412363
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412363
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR4412360
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR4412362
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412360
Attributions of Anti-SAR441236 Antibodies Among Participants in Multi-dose Cohort. Secondary · Measured at Day 0, at Weeks 2 and 4 after Infusion 1, at Infusion 2, at Infusion 3, at Infusion 4, and at Weeks 12 and 36 post-Infusion 4

Number of participants who were anti-drug antibody (ADA) negative, ADA positive (treatment induced), and missing were calculated at each sampled timepoint.

ADA Status at Inf 1: Day 0
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412369
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
ADA Status at Inf 1: Week 2
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412368
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
ADA Status at Inf 1: Week 4
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412367
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412362
ADA Status at Inf 2: Day 0
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412365
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412363
ADA Status at Inf 3: Day 0
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412366
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412363
ADA Status at Inf 4: Day 0
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412366
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412363
ADA Status at Inf 4: Week 12
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412360
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412366
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412363
ADA Status at Inf 4: Week 36
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412361
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412364
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR4412364
Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ T Cell Counts Following the First Treatment of SAR441236 or Placebo for All Cohorts Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and Week 12

Baseline was defined as the last measurement obtained prior to treatment initiation. Change was calculated as the value of CD4+ T cell counts (cells/mm\^3) at Week 12 (prior to subsequent study treatment, if any) minus the value at baseline.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-6± 87
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR441236-96± 222
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR44123696± 249
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-36± 246
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR441236-43± 117
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR44123610± 273
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236138± NA
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR44123661± 176
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR441236-136± 216
Arm C: 0 mg/kg SAR441236-53± 289
Mean Change From Baseline in CD4+ T Cell Counts Following Each Infusion for Cohort 4 Secondary · Measured at Day 0 and at Week 12 after each infusion

Baseline was defined as the last measurement obtained prior to treatment initiation. Change was calculated as the value of CD4 + T cell counts (cells/mm\^3) at Week 12 after each infusion minus the value at baseline.

Change in from baseline to Week 12 after 2nd treatment
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR44123673± 357
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR44123628± 190
Change in from baseline to Week 12 after 3rd treatment
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR44123678± 232
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR44123617± 252
Change in from baseline to Week 12 after 4th treatment
GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236-83± 253
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR44123677± 111
Mean Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of SAR441236 After a Single IV Infusion or SC Injection. Secondary · SAR441236 PK samples at pre-dose, Hours 0, 2 (Arm A, B only) , 4 (Arm A, B only), 6 (Arm A, B only), and 10, Days 1, 2, 3, 4 (Arm B only), 7, 10 (Arm B only), and Weeks 2, 4, 8 (single dose only), 10 (multi dose only), 12, and 24 (single dose only).

Cmax for each participant was calculated as the maximum observed concentration from all available SAR441236 concentrations measured prior to and after first treatment and prior to any subsequent treatment instances (Arm A: 30 mg/kg only). Standard noncompartmental techniques, using Phoenix WinNonlin, were used to determine Cmax.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR44123625.2± 11
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR44123672.7± 27.7
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR441236295± 265
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236771± 250
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR44123624.9± 3.5
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236483± 249
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR4412361.69± 0.74
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR4412364.77± 2.32
Half-life (T1/2) of SAR441236 After a Single IV Infusion or SC Injection. Secondary · SAR441236 PK samples at pre-dose, Hours 0, 2 (Arm A, B only) , 4 (Arm A, B only), 6 (Arm A, B only), and 10, Days 1, 2, 3, 4 (Arm B only), 7, 10 (Arm B only), and Weeks 2, 4, 8 (single dose only), 10 (multi dose only), 12, and 24 (single dose only).

Half-life for each participant was calculated using regression analysis on all available SAR441236 concentrations measured prior to and after first treatment and prior to any subsequent treatment instances (Arm A: 30 mg/kg only). Standard noncompartmental techniques, using Phoenix WinNonlin, were used to determine half-life.

GroupValue95% CI
Arm A: 1 mg/kg SAR44123634.8± 4.73
Arm A: 3 mg/kg for SAR44123638.1± 4.94
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR44123630.9± 4.90
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR44123637.0± 6.46
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR44123627.2± 2.37
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR44123623.2± 3.97
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR44123658.5± 1.41
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR44123647.7± 6.13

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: From study entry to study completion (36 weeks after the final infusion for Cohort 4 and 24 weeks after the first infusion/injection for other cohorts) or premature study discontinuation.. Reporting threshold: 0%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

Arm A: 1mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 1/4 (25%)
Deaths: 0/4
Arm A: 3 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/4 (0%)
Deaths: 0/4
Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/4 (0%)
Deaths: 0/4
Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 2/11 (18%)
Deaths: 0/11
Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/10 (0%)
Deaths: 0/10
Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 1/5 (20%)
Deaths: 0/5
Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/2 (0%)
Deaths: 0/2
Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/4 (0%)
Deaths: 0/4
Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/4 (0%)
Deaths: 0/4
Arm C: 0 mg/kg SAR441236
Serious: 0/4 (0%)
Deaths: 0/4

Serious adverse events (4 terms)

ReactionSystemArm A: 1mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 3 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR441236Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 0 mg/kg SAR441236
PneumoniaInfections and infestations
Soft tissue infectionInfections and infestations
Malignant melanomaNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Suicidal ideationPsychiatric disorders
Other adverse events (61 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemArm A: 1mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 3 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 10 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 30 mg/kg SAR441236Arm A: 0 mg/kg SAR441236Arm B: 1 mg/kg SAR441236Arm B: 30 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 0.3 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 1 mg/kg SAR441236Arm C: 0 mg/kg SAR441236
Creatinine renal clearance decreasedInvestigations
Blood creatinine increasedInvestigations
Blood glucose increasedInvestigations
Blood uric acid increasedInvestigations
FatigueGeneral disorders
Alanine aminotransferase increasedInvestigations
HeadacheNervous system disorders
External ear painEar and labyrinth disorders
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain upperGastrointestinal disorders
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders
Gastrooesophageal reflux diseaseGastrointestinal disorders
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders
AstheniaGeneral disorders
ChillsGeneral disorders
Injection site erythemaGeneral disorders
Injection site swellingGeneral disorders
Localised oedemaGeneral disorders
MalaiseGeneral disorders
Oedema peripheralGeneral disorders
PainGeneral disorders
BronchitisInfections and infestations
CellulitisInfections and infestations
Fungal foot infectionInfections and infestations
Fungal skin infectionInfections and infestations
InfluenzaInfections and infestations
Otitis mediaInfections and infestations
Pharyngitis streptococcalInfections and infestations
Tooth infectionInfections and infestations
Upper respiratory tract infectionInfections and infestations
Joint dislocationInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
Skin lacerationInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
Aspartate aminotransferase increasedInvestigations
Blood albumin decreasedInvestigations
Blood bicarbonate decreasedInvestigations
Blood sodium increasedInvestigations
Neutrophil count decreasedInvestigations
Decreased appetiteMetabolism and nutrition disorders
HyperglycaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders
HypokalaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders

Most-reported serious reactions: Pneumonia, Soft tissue infection, Malignant melanoma, Suicidal ideation.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03705169 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of SAR441236, a tri-specific broadly neutralizing antibody against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Publications & conference data

8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Two Randomized Trials of Neutralizing Antibodies to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisition.
    Corey L, Gilbert PB, Juraska M, Montefiori DC, et al · · 2021 · cited 457× · PMID 33730454 · DOI 10.1056/nejmoa2031738
  2. Antibodies to combat viral infections: development strategies and progress.
    Pantaleo G, Correia B, Fenwick C, Joo VS, et al · · 2022 · cited 210× · PMID 35725925 · DOI 10.1038/s41573-022-00495-3
  3. Avidity in antibody effector functions and biotherapeutic drug design.
    Oostindie SC, Lazar GA, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI. · · 2022 · cited 170× · PMID 35790857 · DOI 10.1038/s41573-022-00501-8
  4. Safety and antiviral activity of triple combination broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy against HIV-1: a phase 1 clinical trial.
    Julg B, Stephenson KE, Wagh K, Tan SC, et al · · 2022 · cited 126× · PMID 35551291 · DOI 10.1038/s41591-022-01815-1
  5. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.
    Caskey M. · · 2020 · cited 81× · PMID 31764199 · DOI 10.1097/coh.0000000000000600
  6. Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics.
    Nie S, Wang Z, Moscoso-Castro M, D'Souza P, et al · · 2020 · cited 79× · PMID 33928225 · DOI 10.1093/abt/tbaa003
  7. Clinical Trials of Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention: A Review.
    Mahomed S, Garrett N, Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, et al · · 2021 · cited 77× · PMID 32604408 · DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa377
  8. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV-1 Prevention.
    Walsh SR, Seaman MS. · · 2021 · cited 73× · PMID 34354713 · DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712122

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