Non-invasive imaging technique of the corneal nerves to quantify nerve density and morphology.
Corneal Nerve Fiber Density are quantified by fibers/mm2, a higher number represents a higher density of fibers. Lower numbers indicate worse neuropathy.
Baseline-Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (fibers/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
22.1
± 6.8
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19.5
± 5.7
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
19.5
± 6.2
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
22.4
± 5.4
3 Months-Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (fibers/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
20
± 6.5
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19.9
± 4.9
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
19.3
± 6.5
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19.8
± 6.3
12 Months-Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (fibers/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
19.8
± 9.4
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
20.7
± 5.2
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
17.2
± 6.3
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
18.8
± 6.8
24 Months-Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (fibers/mm2)
Non-invasive imaging technique of the corneal nerves to quantify nerve density and morphology.
Corneal Nerve Branch Density are quantified by branches/mm2, a higher number represents a higher density of branches. Lower numbers indicate worse neuropathy.
Baseline-Corneal Nerve Branch Density (branches/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
56.4
± 30.7
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
57.1
± 24.6
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
53.6
± 31.9
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
54.7
± 25.3
3 Months-Corneal Nerve Branch Density (branches/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
62.2
± 32
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
72.6
± 34
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
62
± 31.3
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
63.9
± 37.2
12 Months-Corneal Nerve Branch Density (branches/mm2)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
126.6
± 68.6
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
137.4
± 55.
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
101.2
± 57.9
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
116.8
± 79
24 Months-Corneal Nerve Branch Density (branches/mm2)
Non-invasive imaging technique of the corneal nerves to quantify nerve density and morphology.
Corneal Nerve Fiber Length are quantified by mm/mm2, a higher number represents a higher total length of fibers. Lower numbers indicate worse neuropathy .
Non-invasive imaging technique of the corneal nerves to quantify nerve density and morphology.
Tortuosity Coefficient represents the total tortuosity (twisting/bending of nerves). As a coefficient the value is unitless, a higher value represents greater tortuosity. Lower numbers indicate worse neuropathy.
Baseline-Corneal Tortuosity (coefficient value)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
19.4
± 5.6
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19
± 6.3
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
18.6
± 6.7
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19.2
± 4.9
3 Months-Corneal Tortuosity (coefficient value)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
17.8
± 4.3
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
19.9
± 5.6
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
17.7
± 4.6
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
18.5
± 4.9
12 Months-Corneal Tortuosity (coefficient value)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
20.8
± 7.2
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
20.6
± 5.6
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
20.1
± 7.3
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
21.4
± 5.8
24 Months-Corneal Tortuosity (coefficient value)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
20
± 10.1
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
22
± 7.8
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
21
± 4.9
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
20.1
± 5.6
24-2 Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) - Mean DeviationSecondary· Baseline, 3 month, 12 months and 24 months
24-2 FDT was used to evaluate retinopathy using visual field deficits. Mean Deviation is presented below.
Mean deviation is the average difference from normal expected value in the patients' particular age group. Lower values indicate more visual deficit. Higher values indicate fewer visual deficit.
Baseline-Mean Deviation
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-1.6
± 4.2
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-1.6
± 2.7
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-2
± 4.1
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-2.5
± 4
3 Months-Mean Deviation
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-1
± 4.1
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-1.5
± 2.7
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-1.7
± 4
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-2.8
± 4.6
12 Months-Mean Deviation
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-0.9
± 3.2
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-1.3
± 3.1
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-2.4
± 3.8
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-1.5
± 4.3
24 Months-Mean Deviation
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-1.1
± 3.8
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-0.7
± 2.7
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
-2.3
± 3.4
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
-2.1
± 4.8
24-2 Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) - Foveal Sensitivity dBSecondary· Baseline, 3 month, 12 months and 24 months
24-2 FDT was used to evaluate retinopathy using visual field deficits. Foveal sensitivity is presented below.
Foveal sensitivity is the measurement of the fovea's light detection ability. Lower values suggest visual field deficits.
Baseline-Foveal Sensitivity
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
27.7
± 4.5
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
28.3
± 3.5
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
26.9
± 4.9
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
25.4
± 5.9
3 Months--Foveal Sensitivity
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
28.3
± 5.3
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
28.3
± 4.5
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
27.1
± 4.1
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
26.4
± 4.6
12 Months--Foveal Sensitivity
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
28.1
± 4
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
28.9
± 3.6
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
25.9
± 5.5
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
28.3
± 4.6
24 Months--Foveal Sensitivity
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
27
± 5.3
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
28.2
± 4.5
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
26.7
± 5
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
26.5
± 6.6
24-2 Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) - Pattern SDSecondary· Baseline, 3 month, 12 months and 24 months
24-2 FDT was used to evaluate retinopathy using visual field deficits. Pattern SD (PSD) is presented below.
PSD provides information about localized loss. A higher PSD indicates a non-uniform sensitivity loss and visual field deficit.
As assessed by fundus photographs, participants were identified as either having retinopathy or not having retinopathy. Data is shown as number of people with retinopathy at a particular study visit.
Baseline
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
1
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
1
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
1
3 Months
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
12 Months
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
24 Months
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
0
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
0
Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) - LatencySecondary· Baseline and 24 months
Latency measures the time in millisecond between stimulation and the recording electrode. Was performed on sural, peroneal, and tibial nerves. No response and abnormal values indicate neuropathy.
* Peroneal: 0 - No response, \>6.5 - Abnormal
* Sural: 0 - No response, \>4.5 - Abnormal
* Tibial: 0 - No response, \>6.1 - Abnormal
Baseline-Peroneal distal motor latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.6
± 0.8
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.4
± 0.6
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.4
± 0.7
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.5
± 1
Baseline-Sural peak latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
3.8
± 0.5
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
3.7
± 0.4
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
3.6
± 0.3
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
3.9
± 0.4
Baseline-Tibial distal motor latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.8
± 0.6
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.9
± 0.8
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.5
± 0.6
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.7
± 0.7
24 Months-Peroneal distal motor latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.3
± 0.5
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.4
± 0.7
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.2
± 0.7
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.2
± 0.7
24 Months-Sural peak latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
3.5
± 0.4
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
3.5
± 0.4
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
3.6
± 0.6
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
3.4
± 0.5
24 Months-Tibial distal motor latency (ms)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.3
± 0.7
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.4
± 0.8
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.3
± 0.9
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
4.6
± 1.1
Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) - Motor AmplitudeSecondary· Baseline and 24 months
Amplitude measures the height of electrical signal (waveform) in millivolts produced by the stimulated motor nerve. Was performed on peroneal, and tibial nerves. No response and abnormal values indicate neuropathy.
* Peroneal: 0 - No response, \< 1.1 - Abnormal
* Tibial: 0 - No response, \<1.1 - Abnormal
Baseline-Peroneal amplitude (mV)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
5.21
± 2.39
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
5.95
± 3.05
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
5.18
± 2.56
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
6.25
± 4.13
Baseline-Tibial amplitude (mV)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
9.4
± 3.59
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
9.16
± 4.55
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
8.06
± 4.4
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
7.59
± 4.66
24 Months-Peroneal amplitude (mV)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.9
± 2.11
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
6.23
± 2.93
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
4.93
± 2.02
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
5.11
± 4.04
24 Months-Tibial amplitude (mV)
Group
Value
95% CI
Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
9.65
± 4.98
Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
9.28
± 4.75
No Bariatric Surgery/HIIT
8.54
± 4.02
No Bariatric Surgery/Routine Exercise
8.04
± 4.22
Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov
Time frame: 2 years.
Reporting threshold: 0%.
Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.
The purpose of this research study is to evaluate how exercise and surgical weight loss affect how likely an individual is to develop peripheral neuropathy and other neurologic complications.
Publications & conference data
7 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):
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Publications: Europe PMC API search by NCT ID, retrieved 10 June 2026
Drug + disease cross-links: matched in real time against Drug Landscape's normalised drug + company + condition tables
Sponsor: as reported to ClinicalTrials.gov by University of Michigan
Last refreshed: 24 February 2026
Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT03617185.