Last reviewed · How we verify

NCT03294590: iSmile

Interactive Parent-Targeted Text Messaging in Pediatric Clinics to Reduce Caries Among Urban Children

Completed NA Results posted Last updated 24 October 2023
What this trial tests

NA trial testing OHT Parent targeted text messages in Caries, Dental in 754 participants. Completed in 28 February 2022.

Timeline
9 March 2018
Primary endpoint
28 February 2022
28 February 2022

Quick facts

Lead sponsorBoston University
PhaseNA
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingdouble
Primary purposeprevention
Enrollment754
Start date9 March 2018
Primary completion28 February 2022
Estimated completion28 February 2022
Sites1 location across United States

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

Boston University

Who can join

Adults 0 Months to 7, any sex, with Caries, Dental or Health Behavior. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Dental Caries Increment Primary · 24-month time point (oral assessment)

Surface level caries data in children was collected by calibrated clinical examiners (blind to treatment condition), utilizing the OHDC Modified ICDAS methodology, will allow calculation of caries increment (development of a new cavitated lesion or filled surface on a previously sound tooth surface).

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)162
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)161
Parent/Caregiver Confidence to Brush Primary · 4-month time point (survey)

9-item self-efficacy measure to assess parent/caregiver participant confidence in their ability to brush their child's teeth under different situations. (Finlayson measure; range 1 - 4; higher scores mean better outcome)

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)2.9± 1.2
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)2.8± 1.2
Parent/Caregiver Motivation to Perform Oral Health Behaviors Primary · 4-month time point (survey)

A oral health motivation measure to assess parent/caregiver participants motivation to engage in recommended child oral health behaviors (score range 1 - 7; higher scores mean better outcome)

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)6.2± 1.2
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)6.0± 1.3
Parent/Caregiver Outcome Expectations for Oral Health Behaviors Primary · 4-month time point (survey)

An outcome expectancies measure to assess the degree to which parent/caregiver participants perceive that performing the oral health behaviors (e.g., brushing) will lead to the desired outcome (e.g., reduced dental caries) in their children (Stewart et al., 1997; range 1 - 4; higher scores mean better outcome).

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)3.69± 0.67
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)3.68± 0.60
Self-efficacy to Perform Oral Health Behaviors Primary · 4-month time point (survey)

The overall self-efficacy score represents how sure parent/caregiver participants are that they can engage in recommended behavior to take care of their children's teeth. (Based on Albino et al 2017; range 1 - 7; higher scores mean better outcome).

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)6.3± 1.1
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)6.2± 1.2
Dental Caries Increment (Surface Level) Primary · 24-month time point (oral assessment)

Caries data in children participants collected by calibrated clinical examiners (blind to treatment condition), utilizing the OHDC Modified ICDAS methodology, will allow calculation of a surface of tooth-level caries increment (development of a new cavitated lesion or filled surface on a previously sound tooth surface).

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)545
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)496
Text Message Program Length Satisfaction Secondary · 4-month time point (survey)

One item adapted from the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to measure parent/caregiver participants satisfaction with the duration of the text message program.

GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)193
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)172
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)68
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)80
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)29
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)36
Parents' Perceived Impact of iSmile Secondary · 4-month time point (survey)

Three items adapted from the MARS to measure the perceived impact of the OHT text message program on parent/caregiver participants' attitudes towards their child's oral health (range 1 - 7; higher scores mean a better outcome).

Making sure your child's teeth are brushed
GroupValue95% CI
OHT Group6.4± 1.3
Decreasing the amount of sugar-sweetened beverages your child drinks
GroupValue95% CI
OHT Group5.9± 1.8
Your feelings on taking your child to the dentist
GroupValue95% CI
OHT Group6.1± 1.6
Child Preventive Dental Visits Secondary · 4-month, 12-month, and 24-month time points (survey)

One item adapted from the Basic Research Factors Questionnaire (BRFQ) to assess the number of parent/caregiver participants who indicated that their child had a preventive dental visit.

24-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)207
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)181
12-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)180
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)157
4-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)162
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)131
Fluoridated Toothpaste Use Secondary · 4-month, 12-month, and 24-month time points (survey)

One item derived from the Basic Research Factors Questionnaire (BRFQ) to measure whether parent/caregiver participants use toothpaste containing fluoride when brushing their child's teeth.

24-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)225
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)207
12-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)229
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)215
4-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)225
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)210
Perceived Impact of OHT Program on Parental Awareness Secondary · 24-month (survey)

One item adapted from the Basic Research Factors Questionnaire (BRFQ) to measure parent/caregiver participants' (in the OHT arm) awareness of their child oral health.

GroupValue95% CI
OHT Group7
OHT Group3
OHT Group14
OHT Group33
Child Diet - Food Frequency Secondary · 4-month, 12-month, and 24-month time points (survey)

Parent/caregiver participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess their child's diet. Food/beverages items in the FFQ are categorized into groups according to the degree to which they promote dental caries, and a weighted estimated cariogenicity score (ECS) is computed (minimum and maximum scores range 0 - 3.80; higher scores mean a worse outcome).

24-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)2.22± 0.31
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)2.27± 0.27
12-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)2.23± 0.30
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)2.23± 0.24
4-month
GroupValue95% CI
Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)2.18± 0.28
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)2.22± 0.24

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: Up to 24 months. Reporting threshold: 0%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

Oral Health Text Messages (OHT)
Serious: 1/377 (0%)
Deaths: 1/377
Child Wellness Text Messages (CWT)
Serious: 0/377 (0%)
Deaths: 0/377

Serious adverse events (1 terms)

ReactionSystemOral Health Text Messages …Child Wellness Text Messag…
Death - Probably not related to a study deviceSocial circumstances

Most-reported serious reactions: Death - Probably not related to a study device.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03294590 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

This is a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a parent-targeted text message-based intervention program on caries incidence and oral health behaviors (child and parent). Parents (n= 850) across all pediatric clinic sites (Boston Medical Center and Community Health Centers (CHCs); DotHouse CHC, South End Community Health Center, and Codman Square CHC) will be randomized to receive either text messages (TMs) regarding oral health or TMs regarding child wellness. The study will enroll English and Spanish speaking parents and their youngest child who is \< 7 years old, has at least one tooth showing, and attends the targeted pediatric clinic to receive primary care (n= 1700). Parents will complete self-report surveys at baseline, and 2, 4, 12, and 24-months after baseline; receive and respond to TM assessments during the 4-month intervention; and will also receive TMs during a 'booster' period of one month, which will occur 12-months post baseline. Parent's children will be assessed for caries by a clinical oral examination performed by licensed Clinical Examiners at baseline, 12-and-24-months post-baseline.

Publications & conference data

5 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Parent-Targeted Oral Health Text Messaging for Underserved Children Attending Pediatric Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Borrelli B, Endrighi R, Heeren T, Adams WG, et al · · 2025 · cited 3× · PMID 39745701 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.52780
  2. The Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationships of Tooth Brushing Behaviors Between Underserved Children and Their Caregivers.
    Endrighi R, Henshaw M, Adams WG, Montion E, et al · · 2024 · cited 3× · PMID 38489828 · DOI 10.1093/abm/kaae010
  3. The differential predictive utility of two caregiver-targeted self-efficacy measures to promote oral health of underserved children.
    Hevel DJ, Henshaw M, Endrighi R, Adams WG, et al · · 2023 · cited 1× · PMID 37307330 · DOI 10.1037/hea0001308
  4. COVID-19 Impact on Community-Based Participatory Randomized Controlled Trials-Lessons From the Oral Health Disparities in Children Consortium.
    Ramos-Gomez FJ, Martin MA, Nelson SS, Borrelli B, et al · · 2021 · cited 1× · PMID 35669970 · DOI 10.3389/fdmed.2021.671911
  5. Cost-effectiveness analysis design for interventions to prevent children's oral disease.
    Spetz J, Rose J, Kahn JG, Lin T, et al · · 2024 · PMID 39092198 · DOI 10.3389/froh.2024.1428638

Verify or expand the search:

Other Boston University trials

Trials by the same sponsor.

Verify against primary sources

Data sources for this page

Drug Landscape aggregates and links these public records for informational use only. Always verify against the primary source before clinical or regulatory decisions. Canonical URL: https://druglandscape.com/trial/NCT03294590.

Primary sources · FDA · ClinicalTrials.gov · EMA · SEC EDGAR · ChEMBL · Wikidata · full sourcing