NCT03252288: MINT

mHealth-Assisted Conditional Cash Transfers to Improve Timeliness of Vaccinations (D0271)

Completed NA Results posted Last updated 7 March 2025

What this trial tests

NA trial testing Reminders in Immunization in 412 participants. Completed in 31 December 2018.

Timeline

15 August 2017

Primary endpoint
13 October 2018

31 December 2018

Quick facts

Lead sponsor	Duke University
Phase	NA
Status	Completed
Study type	INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation	randomized
Design	parallel
Masking	none
Primary purpose	health services research
Enrollment	412
Start date	15 August 2017
Primary completion	13 October 2018
Estimated completion	31 December 2018
Sites	1 location across Tanzania

Drugs / interventions tested

• Reminders
• Conditional financial transfers

Conditions studied

• Immunization — all drugs for Immunization →

Sponsor

Duke University

Who can join

16 and older, female only, with Immunization. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Number of Timely Vaccinations Received Primary · Up to 6 months after birth

Number of vaccinations received within 4 weeks of scheduled vaccination dates. Note: Vaccinations are due at birth and at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Delays in 6 and/or 10 week vaccinations result in corresponding shifts in subsequent vaccination due dates. Timeliness is calculated independently for each vaccination in relation to its scheduled due date: The vaccination is considered timely if it is received within 4 weeks of the scheduled due date, not timely otherwise. Observations beyond 6 months after birth are censored.

Group	Value	95% CI
No Intervention	10
Reminders Only	5
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	5
No Intervention	9
Reminders Only	6
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	12
No Intervention	12
Reminders Only	6
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	18
No Intervention	27
Reminders Only	12
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	19

Number of Vaccinations Received Secondary · Up to 6 months after birth

Number of vaccinations received (range 0-4, for the vaccination due at birth, 6, 10, and 14 weeks) Note: Vaccinations are due at birth and at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Delays in 6 and/or 10 week vaccinations result in corresponding shifts in subsequent vaccination due dates. Thus, some vaccinations may be due after the end of the observation period, which ends 6 months after birth).

Group	Value	95% CI
No Intervention	0
Reminders Only	0
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	0
No Intervention	0
Reminders Only	0
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	0
No Intervention	1
Reminders Only	0
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	0
No Intervention	11
Reminders Only	11
Reminders + Conditional Financial Transfer	5

Sponsor's own description

Vaccination is a cost-effective strategy for conferring immunity against a host of preventable diseases, however, rates of timely childhood vaccinations remain inadequate in resource-limited settings. We propose to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of mHealth-assisted conditional cash transfers as a means of overcoming individual barriers to timely vaccinations. The study will form the basis for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of mHealth reminders and conditional cash transfers for improving rates of timely vaccinations among young children.

Publications & conference data

4 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

1. Do mobile phone-based reminders and conditional financial transfers improve the timeliness of childhood vaccinations in Tanzania? Study protocol for a quasi-randomized controlled trial.
   Ostermann J, Vasudevan L, Baumgartner JN, Ngadaya E, et al · · 2019 · cited 16× · PMID 31272487 · DOI 10.1186/s13063-019-3430-4
2. Is the intention to vaccinate enough? Systematic variation in the value of timely vaccinations and preferences for monetary vs non-monetary incentives among pregnant women in southern Tanzania.
   Ostermann J, Hair NL, Moses S, Ngadaya E, et al · · 2023 · cited 7× · PMID 36814594 · DOI 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100266
3. Patterns of Mobile Phone Ownership and Use Among Pregnant Women in Southern Tanzania: Cross-Sectional Survey.
   Vasudevan L, Ostermann J, Moses SM, Ngadaya E, et al · · 2020 · cited 7× · PMID 32267240 · DOI 10.2196/17122
4. Design of an Automated Mobile Phone-Based Reminder and Incentive System: Application in a Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve the Timeliness of Childhood Vaccinations in Tanzania.
   van Zwetselaar M, Ostermann J, Beti M, Baumgartner JN, et al · · 2025 · PMID 40930111 · DOI 10.2196/65150