NCT02724566: APELINS-2

Influence of Apelin on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Volunteers

Completed Phase 1 Last updated 2 December 2025

What this trial tests

Phase 1 trial testing apelin in Diabetes in 9 participants. Completed in 1 April 2017.

Timeline

1 May 2016

Primary endpoint
1 April 2017

1 April 2017

Quick facts

Lead sponsor	University Hospital, Toulouse
Phase	Phase 1
Status	Completed
Study type	INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation	randomized
Design	crossover
Masking	double
Primary purpose	basic science
Enrollment	9
Start date	1 May 2016
Primary completion	1 April 2017
Estimated completion	1 April 2017
Sites	1 location across France

Drugs / interventions tested

• apelin — full drug profile →
• placebo

Conditions studied

• Diabetes — all drugs for Diabetes →

Sponsor

University Hospital, Toulouse

Who can join

Adults 40 to 65, male only, with Diabetes. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

What's being measured

Primary outcomes are the specific endpoints the trial is designed to prove or disprove.

• Delta between Glucose Infusion Rate
  Time frame: 240 minutes
  Difference between glucose infusion rate measured during investigational product infusion (mean of values measured at 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235 and 240 minutes) and basal glucose infusion rate (mean of values measured at 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115 and 120 minutes).

Sponsor's own description

Preclinical studies have demonstrated in mouse models that (PYR1)-apelin-13 exerts a glucose-regulating action in vivo. The (PYR1)-apelin-13 effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy overweighed volunteers has been previously assessed in a phase I clinical trial (APELINS study; NCT02033473). The APELINS-2 clinical trial aims to expand the initial proof of concept to the population targeted by future innovative insulin-sensitizing therapies: patients living with type 2 diabetes.

Publications & conference data

3 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

1. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment.
   Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. · · 2024 · cited 27× · PMID 38806473 · DOI 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0
2. A Tead1-Apelin axis directs paracrine communication from myogenic to endothelial cells in skeletal muscle.
   Lee U, Stuelsatz P, Karaz S, McKellar DW, et al · · 2022 · cited 22× · PMID 35789856 · DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104589
3. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXXI. Apelin receptor pharmacology in the human cardiovascular system and emerging clinical applications.
   Davenport AP, Williams TL, Nyimanu D, Macrae RGC, et al · · 2026 · PMID 41895070 · DOI 10.1016/j.pharmr.2026.100130