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NCT02291614

A Phase 1 Study of AMG 211 in Participants With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer

Terminated Phase 1 Results posted Last updated 16 March 2021
What this trial tests

Phase 1 trial testing AMG 211 in GI Adenocarcinoma in 45 participants. Terminated before completion.

Timeline
27 November 2014
Primary endpoint
6 November 2017
9 January 2018

Quick facts

Lead sponsorAmgen
PhasePhase 1
StatusTerminated
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationnon randomized
Designsequential
Maskingnone
Primary purposetreatment
Enrollment45
Start date27 November 2014
Primary completion6 November 2017
Estimated completion9 January 2018
Sites5 locations across Netherlands, Germany

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

Amgen — full company profile →

Who can join

18 and older, any sex, with GI Adenocarcinoma. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Primary · 28 days

A DLT was defined as any of the following occurring during the first 28 days of treatment and regarded by the investigator and/or sponsor as related to AMG 211. Hematological DLTs: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 0.5 × 10⁹ cells/L for ≥ 7 days; febrile neutropenia (fever of unknown origin without clinically or microbiologically documented infection) with ANC \< 0.5 × 10⁹ cells/L and fever ≥ 38.5°C; platelets \< 25 × 10⁹ cells/L ≥ 7 days. Non-hematological DLTs: any AMG 211-related ≥ grade 3 non-hematological toxicity, excluding nausea and vomiting not refractory to anti-emetics, flare-up of

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days0
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days0
Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of AMG 211 in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 7 or 14 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 (for 14-day dosing groups only) hours after the start of infusion, at the end of infusion (Day 8 or Day 15), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Levels of AMG 211 in plasma samples collected during this study were analyzed using an electrochemiluminiscence assay. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the assay was 0.10 ng/mL.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days5.32± 2.26
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days11.5± 7.21
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days13.9± 1.13
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days19.8± 3.67
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days55.1± 11.0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days116± 32.4
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days129± 51.0
Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) Primary · From first dose of study drug through end of treatment + 30 days (median time frame was 75.5 days).

An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence, which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment. A serious adverse event (SAE) was defined as an event that: was fatal or life-threatening; required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; was a congenital anomaly/borth defect; or other significant medical event. A TEAE was defined as any AE starting on or after the first dose of study drug and up to and including 30 days after the end of last dose of study

Any TEAE
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days3
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days5
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days6
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days10
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days2
Grade ≥ 2 TEAE
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days3
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days5
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days3
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days6
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days10
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days2
Grade ≥ 3 TEAE
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days1
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days4
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days2
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days4
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days8
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days2
Grade ≥ 4 TEAE
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days0
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days0
Serious TEAE (STEAE)
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days1
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days4
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days6
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days9
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days1
TEAE leading to discontinuation of AMG 211
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days0
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days0
STEAE leading to discontinuation of AMG 211
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days0
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days2
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days1
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days3
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days0
Non-STEAE leading to discontinuation of AMG 211
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days0
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days0
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days0
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days0
Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of AMG 211 in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 28 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 hours after the start of infusion, Day 15, at the end of infusion (Day 29), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.
GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days45.4± 8.86
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days150± 68.6
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days145± 45.0
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days398± 99999
Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to the Last Quantifiable Concentration in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 7 or 14 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 (for 14-day dosing groups only) hours after the start of infusion, at the end of infusion (Day 8 or Day 15), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration was estimated using the linear trapezoidal method.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days29.7± 19.4
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days138± 84.7
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days172± 23.0
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days214± 77.5
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days617± 186
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days1540± 936
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days1420± 666
Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to the Last Quantifiable Concentration in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 28 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 hours after the start of infusion, Day 15, at the end of infusion (Day 29), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration was estimated using the linear trapezoidal method.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days1040± 245
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3250± 1700
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days2610± 1940
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days6080± 99999
Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity (AUCinf) in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 7 or 14 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 (for 14-day dosing groups only) hours after the start of infusion, at the end of infusion (Day 8 or Day 15), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity was estimated using the linear trapezoidal method

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days30.0± 19.3
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days140± 85.6
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days173± 23.4
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days215± 77.5
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days619± 186
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days1540± 938
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days1430± 673
Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity (AUCinf) in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 28 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 hours after the start of infusion, Day 15, at the end of infusion (Day 29), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity was estimated using the linear trapezoidal method

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days1040± 245
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days3260± 1710
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days3180± 2070
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days6530± 99999
Terminal Half-life (T1/2) of AMG-211 in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 7 or 14 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 (for 14-day dosing groups only) hours after the start of infusion, at the end of infusion (Day 8 or Day 15), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Terminal half-life (t1/2,z) calculated as t1/2,z = ln(2)/λz, where λz was the first-order terminal rate constant estimated via linear regression of the terminal log-linear phase.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days10.4± 3.34
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days10.3± 0.703
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days10.2± 4.37
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days7.25± 2.63
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days7.78± 2.37
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days10.3± 1.72
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days11.9± 3.53
Terminal Half-life of AMG-211 in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 28 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 hours after the start of infusion, Day 15, at the end of infusion (Day 29), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Terminal half-life (t1/2,z) calculated as t1/2,z = ln(2)/λz, where λz was the first-order terminal rate constant estimated via linear regression of the terminal log-linear phase.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days11.1± 3.45
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days6.48± 5.16
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days8.81± 4.58
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days15.2± 99999
Concentration of AMG 211 at Steady State (Css) in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 7 or 14 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 (for 14-day dosing groups only) hours after the start of infusion, at the end of infusion (Day 8 or Day 15), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion

Css was calculated as the average concentration between achievement of plateau and the end of infusion.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days4.32± 3.27
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days9.92± 6.05
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days12.4± 1.73
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days16.6± 4.42
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days45.3± 12.9
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days88.0± 26.4
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days96.9± 50.8
Concentration of AMG 211 at Steady State (Css) in Cycle 1 in Participants Who Received Dosing for 28 Days Secondary · Cycle 1: Predose, 2, 6, 24, 48-96, and 168 hours after the start of infusion, Day 15, at the end of infusion (Day 29), and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the end of infusion.

Css was calculated as the average concentration between achievement of plateau and the end of infusion.

GroupValue95% CI
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days35.9± 7.50
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days130± 63.9
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days109± 36.1
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days306± 99999

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: All-cause mortality: from enrollment date to end of study date (median time frame was 84 days). Serious and other adverse events: from first dose of study drug through end of treatment + 30 days (median time frame was 75.5 days).. Reporting threshold: 5%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/14 Days
Serious: 1/3 (33%)
Deaths: 0/3
AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 2/3 (67%)
Deaths: 0/3
AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 2/3 (67%)
Deaths: 1/3
AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 4/5 (80%)
Deaths: 0/5
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 2/3 (67%)
Deaths: 1/3
AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28 Days
Serious: 1/3 (33%)
Deaths: 1/3
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 6/6 (100%)
Deaths: 1/6
AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28 Days
Serious: 3/3 (100%)
Deaths: 0/3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14 Days
Serious: 1/3 (33%)
Deaths: 0/3
AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28 Days
Serious: 9/10 (90%)
Deaths: 1/10
AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for 28 Days
Serious: 1/2 (50%)
Deaths: 2/2

Serious adverse events (45 terms)

ReactionSystemAMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/1…AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for …
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders
AscitesGastrointestinal disorders
PyrexiaGeneral disorders
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders
IleusGastrointestinal disorders
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders
Oesophageal varices haemorrhageGastrointestinal disorders
DiscomfortGeneral disorders
General physical health deteriorationGeneral disorders
Influenza like illnessGeneral disorders
Bile duct obstructionHepatobiliary disorders
CholangitisHepatobiliary disorders
Hepatic infarctionHepatobiliary disorders
Cytokine release syndromeImmune system disorders
Catheter site infectionInfections and infestations
Device related infectionInfections and infestations
Enterobacter bacteraemiaInfections and infestations
Febrile infectionInfections and infestations
InfectionInfections and infestations
PneumoniaInfections and infestations
Respiratory tract infection viralInfections and infestations
SepsisInfections and infestations
Staphylococcal sepsisInfections and infestations
Urinary tract infectionInfections and infestations
Other adverse events (154 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemAMG 211 200 µg/Day for 7/1…AMG 211 200 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 400 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 800 µg/Day for 14 …AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 1600 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 3200 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 14…AMG 211 6400 µg/Day for 28…AMG 211 12,800 µg/Day for …
FatigueGeneral disorders
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders
PyrexiaGeneral disorders
AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders
VomitingGastrointestinal disorders
Catheter site painGeneral disorders
Mucosal inflammationGeneral disorders
PainGeneral disorders
Oral herpesInfections and infestations
Urinary tract infectionInfections and infestations
Decreased appetiteMetabolism and nutrition disorders
HyperglycaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders
HypokalaemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders
HypophosphataemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders
Back painMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
HeadacheNervous system disorders
DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
HiccupsRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
PruritusSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
RashSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
HypertensionVascular disorders
ThrombocytopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders
ArrhythmiaCardiac disorders
Atrial fibrillationCardiac disorders
TachycardiaCardiac disorders
HypothyroidismEndocrine disorders
Eye irritationEye disorders
Lacrimation increasedEye disorders
Vision blurredEye disorders
Abdominal distensionGastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain lowerGastrointestinal disorders
Abnormal faecesGastrointestinal disorders
Anal incontinenceGastrointestinal disorders
AscitesGastrointestinal disorders
Defaecation urgencyGastrointestinal disorders
Dry mouthGastrointestinal disorders
DyspepsiaGastrointestinal disorders

Most-reported serious reactions: Abdominal pain, Ascites, Pyrexia, Constipation, Diarrhoea, Ileus, Nausea, Oesophageal varices haemorrhage.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02291614 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

The purpose of this Phase 1 study is to determine if AMG 211 given as a continous intravenous (IV) infusion is safe and tolerable in adult participants that have advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The study will be conducted in multiple sites and test increasing doses of AMG 211. The safety of participants will be monitored by intensive assessment of vital signs, electrocardiograms, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Efficacy will be assessed by the usual imaging procedures and their interpretation.

Publications & conference data

8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment.
    Jin S, Sun Y, Liang X, Gu X, et al · · 2022 · cited 304× · PMID 35132063 · DOI 10.1038/s41392-021-00868-x
  2. A multicenter phase 1 study of solitomab (MT110, AMG 110), a bispecific EpCAM/CD3 T-cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct, in patients with refractory solid tumors.
    Kebenko M, Goebeler ME, Wolf M, Hasenburg A, et al · · 2018 · cited 127× · PMID 30221040 · DOI 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1450710
  3. Overcoming Challenges for CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Solid Tumors.
    Middelburg J, Kemper K, Engelberts P, Labrijn AF, et al · · 2021 · cited 122× · PMID 33466732 · DOI 10.3390/cancers13020287
  4. Recent advances of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors.
    Yu S, Li A, Liu Q, Yuan X, et al · · 2017 · cited 114× · PMID 28931402 · DOI 10.1186/s13045-017-0522-z
  5. Overcoming the challenges associated with CD3+ T-cell redirection in cancer.
    Singh A, Dees S, Grewal IS. · · 2021 · cited 82× · PMID 33469153 · DOI 10.1038/s41416-020-01225-5
  6. Recent advances and challenges of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors.
    Wu Y, Yi M, Zhu S, Wang H, et al · · 2021 · cited 64× · PMID 34922633 · DOI 10.1186/s40164-021-00250-1
  7. Single-Chain Variable Fragment-Based Bispecific Antibodies: Hitting Two Targets with One Sophisticated Arrow.
    Ahamadi-Fesharaki R, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Solgi G, et al · · 2019 · cited 53× · PMID 31011631 · DOI 10.1016/j.omto.2019.02.004
  8. Antibody variable region engineering for improving cancer immunotherapy.
    Lou H, Cao X. · · 2022 · cited 51× · PMID 35822503 · DOI 10.1002/cac2.12330

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