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NCT00427908

Study in Children to Evaluate Non-Inferiority and Persistence up to 5 Years of GSK Bio Meningococcal Vaccine 134612

Completed Phase 2 Results posted Last updated 4 June 2018
What this trial tests

Phase 2 trial testing GSK Biolgicals' meningococcal vaccine 134612 (Nimenrix) in Infections, Meningococcal in 613 participants. Completed in 3 December 2007.

Timeline
7 February 2007
Primary endpoint
3 December 2007
3 December 2007

Quick facts

Lead sponsorGlaxoSmithKline
PhasePhase 2
StatusCompleted
Study typeINTERVENTIONAL
Allocationrandomized
Designparallel
Maskingnone
Primary purposeprevention
Enrollment613
Start date7 February 2007
Primary completion3 December 2007
Estimated completion3 December 2007
Sites11 locations across Finland

Drugs / interventions tested

Conditions studied

Sponsor

GlaxoSmithKline — full company profile →

Who can join

Adults 1 to 10, any sex, with Infections, Meningococcal. Patients with the condition only — healthy volunteers not accepted.

Results — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Per-arm endpoint measurements with 95% confidence intervals where reported. Source: trial results section.

Number of Subjects With Serum Bactericidal Assay Using Rabbit Complement Against Neisseria Meningitides Serogroups A, C, W-135, Y (rSBA-MenA, rSBA-MenC, rSBA-MenW-135 and rSBA-MenY) Antibodies Vaccine Response Primary · One Month after vaccination

Vaccine response was defined as: * for initially seronegative subjects, post vaccination rSBA titer ≥ 1:32 * for initially seropositive subjects, at least 4-fold increase in rSBA titer from pre to post vaccination.

rSBA-MenA
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group182
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group57
rSBA-MenC
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group200
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group56
rSBA-MenW-135
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group199
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group65
rSBA-MenY
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group217
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group58
Number of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Primary · Prior to (PRE) vaccination

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers was greater than or equal to (≥) 1:8. This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group81
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group26
rSBA-MenC
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group80
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group19
rSBA-MenW-135
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group59
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group24
rSBA-MenY
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group115
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group41
Percentage of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Primary · Prior to (PRE) to vaccination

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers was greater than or equal to (≥) 1:8. This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group42.435.3 – 49.8
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group40.028.0 – 52.9
rSBA-MenC
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group39.432.6 – 46.5
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group31.119.9 – 44.3
rSBA-MenW-135
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group28.422.3 – 35
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group38.726.6 – 51.9
rSBA-MenY
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group55.348.3 – 62.2
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group61.248.5 – 72.9
Number of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Primary · One month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers was greater than or equal to (≥) 1:8. This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group222
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group22
rSBA-MenC
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group220
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group67
rSBA-MenW-135
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group222
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group27
rSBA-MenY
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group222
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group49
Percentage of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Primary · One month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers was greater than or equal to (≥) 1:8. This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10098.4 – 100
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group34.923.3 – 48.0
rSBA-MenC
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10098.3 – 100
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group98.592.1 – 100
rSBA-MenW-135
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10098.4 – 100
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group42.930.5 – 56.0
rSBA-MenY
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10098.4 – 100
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group74.262.0 – 84.2
Number of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers was greater than or equal to (≥) 1:128. This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group59
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group20
rSBA-MenA, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group222
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group16
rSBA-MenC, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group29
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group4
rSBA-MenC, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group218
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group56
rSBA-MenW-135, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group38
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group16
rSBA-MenW-135, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group222
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group18
rSBA-MenY, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group77
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group28
rSBA-MenY, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group221
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group31
rSBA Antibody Titers Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

Antibody titers are presented as geometric mean titers (GMTs). This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group21.616.1 – 29
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group20.212.1 – 33.8
rSBA-MenA, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group3706.53327.2 – 4128.9
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group17.110.1 – 29
rSBA-MenC, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group13.911 – 17.5
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group9.76.8 – 13.9
rSBA-MenC, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group878.7779.4 – 990.7
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group415296.9 – 580
rSBA-MenW-135, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group11.38.9 – 14.3
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group16.510.2 – 26.7
rSBA-MenW-135, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group5394.64869.9 – 5975.7
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group20.312.5 – 33.2
rSBA-MenY, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group33.825.6 – 44.6
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group45.327 – 75.8
rSBA-MenY, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group2823.82529 – 3153.1
Meningitec 1- 2 Years of Age Group77.146.3 – 128.2
Number of Subjects With rSBA Antibody Titers ≥ the Cut-off Values Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the rSBA titers were greater than or equal to ≥ 1:8 and ≥ 1:128. These analyses were performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA (PRE) ≥ 1:8
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group124
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group40
rSBA-MenA (PRE) ≥ 1:128
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group96
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group32
rSBA-MenA (PI[M1]) ≥ 1:8
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group225
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group75
rSBA-MenA (PI[M1]) ≥ 1:128
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group224
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group75
rSBA-MenC (PRE) ≥ 1:8
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group133
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group36
rSBA-MenC (PRE) ≥ 1:128
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group59
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group19
rSBA-MenC (PI[M1]) ≥ 1:8
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group225
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group74
rSBA-MenC (PI[M1]) ≥ 1:128
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group224
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group70
rSBA Antibody Titers Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month post vaccination [PI(M1)]

Antibody titers are presented as geometric mean titers (GMTs). This analysis was performed by the GSK Biologicals' laboratory.

rSBA-MenA (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group57.943.3 – 77.5
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group58.233.8 – 100.1
rSBA-MenA (PI[M1])
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group7300.96586 – 8093.4
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group2033.41667.1 – 2480.2
rSBA-MenC (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group33.526 – 43.1
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group24.115.2 – 38.2
rSBA-MenC (PI[M1])
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group2435.32105.8 – 2816.3
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group750.2555.2 – 1013.7
rSBA-MenW-135 (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group43.132.4 – 57.4
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group40.123.9 – 67.3
rSBA-MenW-135 (PI[M1])
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group1177710666.2 – 13003.5
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group2186.31723.1 – 2773.9
rSBA-MenY (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group57.343.7 – 75.2
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group45.526.8 – 77
rSBA-MenY (PI[M1])
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group6641.46044.3 – 7297.4
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group1409.91085.9 – 1830.5
Number of Subjects With Anti-polysaccharide Meningococcal Serogroup A (Anti-PSA), Serogroup C (Anti-PSC), Serogroup W-135 (Anti-PSW-135) and Serogroup Y (Anti-PSY) Antibody Concentrations Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the anti-polysaccharide concentrations were greater than or equal to (≥) 0.3 micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) and ≥ 2.0 μg/mL.

Anti-PSA (PRE) ≥ 0.3 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group4
Anti-PSA (PRE) ≥ 2.0 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group2
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group1
Anti-PSA [PI(M1)] ≥ 0.3 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group162
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group2
Anti-PSA [PI(M1)] ≥ 2.0 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group162
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group1
Anti-PSC (PRE) ≥ 0.3 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group3
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group1
Anti-PSC (PRE) ≥ 2.0 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group1
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group1
Anti-PSC [PI(M1)] ≥ 0.3 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group168
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group51
Anti-PSC [PI(M1)] ≥ 2.0 μg/mL
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group166
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group50
Anti-PS Antibody Concentrations Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

Antibody concentrations are presented as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and expressed in micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL).

Anti-PSA (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group0.170.15 – 0.18
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.180.14 – 0.23
Anti-PSA [PI(M1)]
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group33.3629.07 – 38.27
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.170.14 – 0.2
Anti-PSC (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group0.160.15 – 0.17
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.160.14 – 0.18
Anti-PSC [PI(M1)]
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group13.4712 – 15.12
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group8.296.8 – 10.1
Anti-PSW-135 (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group0.150.15 – 0.16
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.150.15 – 0.15
Anti-PSW-135 [PI(M1)]
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group6.865.87 – 8.02
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.150.15 – 0.15
Anti-PSY (PRE)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group0.150.15 – 0.15
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.160.14 – 0.17
Anti-PSY [PI(M1)]
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group10.359.12 – 11.74
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group0.150.15 – 0.15
Number of Subjects With Anti-PS Antibody Concentrations Greater Than or Equal to the Cut-off Value Secondary · Prior to (PRE) and one month after vaccination [PI(M1)]

The cut-off value for the anti-polysaccharide concentrations were greater than or equal to (≥) 0.3 micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) and (≥) 2.0 μg/mL.

Anti-PSA ≥0.3μg/mL, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group29
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group12
Anti-PSA ≥0.3μg/mL, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group224
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group73
Anti-PSA ≥2.0μg/mL, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group9
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group2
Anti-PSA ≥2.0μg/mL, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group224
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group68
Anti-PSC ≥0.3μg/mL , PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group28
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group6
Anti-PSC ≥0.3μg/mL, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group224
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group74
Anti-PSC ≥2.0μg/mL, PRE
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group9
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group2
Anti-PSC ≥2.0μg/mL, PI(M1)
GroupValue95% CI
Nimenrix 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group223
Mencevax 2- 11 Years of Age Primary Phase Group71

Adverse events — posted to ClinicalTrials.gov

Time frame: Solicited symptoms: during the 4-day (Day 0-3) follow-up vaccination period. Unsolicited AEs: during the 31-day (Days 0-30) post-vaccination period. SAEs: during the entire study period (from Day 0 up to Month 60).. Reporting threshold: 5%. Adverse-event reports describe events observed during the trial — not all are caused by the drug.

Nimenrix 1-2 Years of Age Group
Serious: 5/229 (2%)
Deaths: 0/229
Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age Group
Serious: 2/231 (1%)
Deaths: 0/231
Meningitec 1-2 Years of Age Group
Serious: 7/75 (9%)
Deaths: 0/75
Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age Group
Serious: 1/78 (1%)
Deaths: 0/78

Serious adverse events (10 terms)

ReactionSystemNimenrix 1-2 Years of Age …Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age…Meningitec 1-2 Years of Ag…Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age…
Bronchitis chronicRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Gastroenteritis rotavirusInfections and infestations
Lower limb fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications
StomatitisGastrointestinal disorders
Testicular torsionReproductive system and breast disorders
HyperglycemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders
PneumoniaInfections and infestations
BronchitisInfections and infestations
GastroenteritisInfections and infestations
LaryngitisInfections and infestations
Other adverse events (18 terms — click to expand)

ReactionSystemNimenrix 1-2 Years of Age …Nimenrix 2-11 Years of Age…Meningitec 1-2 Years of Ag…Mencevax 2-11 Years of Age…
PainGeneral disorders
RednessGeneral disorders
IrritabilityGeneral disorders
SwellingGeneral disorders
DrowsinessGeneral disorders
Loss of appetiteGeneral disorders
FatigueGeneral disorders
Fever (Rectally)General disorders
HeadacheGeneral disorders
GastrointestinalGeneral disorders
RhinitisInfections and infestations
CoughRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Otitis mediaInfections and infestations
PyrexiaGeneral disorders
Upper respiratory tract infectionInfections and infestations
GastroenteritisInfections and infestations
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders
TeethingGastrointestinal disorders

Most-reported serious reactions: Bronchitis chronic, Gastroenteritis rotavirus, Lower limb fracture, Stomatitis, Testicular torsion, Hyperglycemia, Pneumonia, Bronchitis.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00427908 adverse events section.

Sponsor's own description

This study has 2 phases, a vaccination phase and a long-term follow-up phase. In the vaccination phase of this study, the new meningococcal vaccine 134612 will be evaluated in children using Mencevax™ ACWY (in children above 2 years) or Meningitec™ (in children below 2 years) as controls. In the long-term follow-up phase of the study, the long-term protection offered by the vaccines will be assessed up to 5 years after vaccination. Subjects will be randomized in the primary vaccination phase of the study; no new subjects will be enrolled during the long-term follow-up phase of the study.

Publications & conference data

8 peer-reviewed publications reference this trial (live from Europe PMC):

  1. Epidemiologic Trends, Global Shifts in Meningococcal Vaccination Guidelines, and Data Supporting the Use of MenACWY-TT Vaccine: A Review.
    Presa J, Findlow J, Vojicic J, Williams S, et al · · 2019 · cited 34× · PMID 31347097 · DOI 10.1007/s40121-019-0254-1
  2. Randomized trial to assess the immunogenicity, safety and antibody persistence up to three years after a single dose of a tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in toddlers.
    Vesikari T, Forstén A, Boutriau D, Bianco V, et al · · 2012 · cited 32× · PMID 23032159 · DOI 10.4161/hv.22166
  3. Meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine: a new conjugate vaccine against invasive meningococcal disease.
    Hedari CP, Khinkarly RW, Dbaibo GS. · · 2014 · cited 27× · PMID 24729718 · DOI 10.2147/idr.s36243
  4. Antibody persistence up to 5 years after vaccination of toddlers and children between 12 months and 10 years of age with a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.
    Vesikari T, Forsten A, Bianco V, Van der Wielen M, et al · · 2016 · cited 21× · PMID 26575983 · DOI 10.1080/21645515.2015.1058457
  5. A randomized study to assess the immunogenicity, antibody persistence and safety of a tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in children aged 2-10 years.
    Vesikari T, Forstén A, Boutriau D, Bianco V, et al · · 2012 · cited 21× · PMID 23032168 · DOI 10.4161/hv.22165
  6. Ten-Year Antibody Persistence and Booster Response to MenACWY-TT Vaccine After Primary Vaccination at 1-10 Years of Age.
    Vesikari T, Peyrani P, Webber C, Van Der Wielen M, et al · · 2020 · cited 15× · PMID 32598244 · DOI 10.1080/21645515.2020.1746110
  7. Review of clinical studies comparing meningococcal serogroup C immune responses induced by MenACWY-TT and monovalent serogroup C vaccines.
    Serra L, Knuf M, Martinón-Torres F, Yi K, et al · · 2021 · cited 10× · PMID 33606596 · DOI 10.1080/21645515.2020.1855952
  8. Modeling antibody persistence after MenACYW-TT vaccination and comparative analysis with other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines.
    Coudeville L, Bertrand-Gerentes I, Zocchetti C, Langevin E, et al · · 2025 · PMID 40640249 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-08112-0

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