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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney, preventing reabsorption of glucose and increasing urinary glucose excretion.
SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney, preventing reabsorption of glucose and increasing urinary glucose excretion. Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, Chronic kidney disease.
At a glance
| Generic name | Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor |
|---|---|
| Also known as | SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin |
| Sponsor | Queen's University, Belfast |
| Drug class | SGLT2 inhibitor |
| Target | SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Diabetes, Cardiovascular, Nephrology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
SGLT2 is a transporter protein in the proximal tubule of the nephron responsible for reabsorbing filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. By inhibiting this transporter, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels by promoting urinary glucose loss, independent of insulin secretion. This mechanism also produces osmotic diuresis and has cardioprotective and renoprotective effects beyond glucose lowering.
Approved indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- Chronic kidney disease
- Type 1 diabetes (in combination with insulin)
Common side effects
- Genital mycotic infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Osmotic diuresis/polyuria
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Volume depletion/hypotension
- Fournier's gangrene
Key clinical trials
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use in a National Heart Failure Telemonitoring Program
- Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. (NA)
- Surgical or Medical Treatment (PHASE4)
- The Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise and Cardiac Functional Status of Patients After Fontan Procedure (PHASE4)
- SGLT2i Improve Left Atrial Function in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism (PHASE2)
- Ameliorating Metabolic Profiling After Kidney Transplantation (AMPKT) (NA)
- The Use of Advanced Imaging in HFpEF
- Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Erythropoiesis in Heart Failure
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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