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SGLT2 Inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney, preventing reabsorption of glucose and increasing urinary glucose excretion.
SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney, preventing reabsorption of glucose and increasing urinary glucose excretion. Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, Chronic kidney disease.
At a glance
| Generic name | SGLT2 Inhibitors |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Canagliflozin tablets or Glucophage, Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin |
| Sponsor | Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Japan |
| Drug class | SGLT2 inhibitor |
| Target | SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Diabetes, Cardiovascular, Nephrology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
By inhibiting SGLT2 in the proximal tubule of the nephron, these drugs reduce the reabsorption of filtered glucose, leading to increased urinary glucose loss and lower blood glucose levels. This mechanism is insulin-independent and also promotes natriuresis and modest weight loss. Beyond glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated cardiovascular and renal protective effects, including reduced heart failure hospitalization and slowing of diabetic kidney disease progression.
Approved indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- Chronic kidney disease
- Type 1 diabetes (in combination with insulin)
Common side effects
- Genital mycotic infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Polyuria
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypotension
- Acute kidney injury
Key clinical trials
- Assessing the Efficacy of Dapagliflozin as a Vasculoprotective Treatment in Septic Shock Patients With Microcirculatory Dysfunction (PHASE3)
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use in a National Heart Failure Telemonitoring Program
- Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. (NA)
- Surgical or Medical Treatment (PHASE4)
- Sotagliflozin to Slow Kidney Function Decline in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease (PHASE3)
- Vascular Complications in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Revascularization and Taking SGLT-2 Inhibitors
- The Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise and Cardiac Functional Status of Patients After Fontan Procedure (PHASE4)
- SGLT2i Improve Left Atrial Function in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism (PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- SGLT2 Inhibitors CI brief — competitive landscape report
- SGLT2 Inhibitors updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Japan portfolio CI