Last reviewed · How we verify

Nicotine delivered via an e-cigarette

University of Auckland, New Zealand · Phase 3 active Small molecule

Nicotine acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, binding to and activating these receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Nicotine acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, binding to and activating these receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. Used for Smoking cessation aid, Reduction of cigarette consumption in smokers unwilling or unable to quit.

At a glance

Generic nameNicotine delivered via an e-cigarette
Also known asBrand name: UpOx
SponsorUniversity of Auckland, New Zealand
Drug classNicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
TargetNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR)
ModalitySmall molecule
Therapeutic areaSmoking Cessation / Addiction Medicine
PhasePhase 3

Mechanism of action

Nicotine crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly α4β2 subtypes, leading to dopamine release and stimulation of the reward pathway. This mechanism underlies both its addictive properties and potential therapeutic effects on cognition, attention, and mood. When delivered via e-cigarette, nicotine is inhaled and rapidly absorbed through the lungs, providing quick onset of action similar to combustible cigarettes but without tobacco combustion byproducts.

Approved indications

Common side effects

Key clinical trials

Primary sources

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SourceUsed for
ClinicalTrials.govTrial enrolment, design, endpoints, results

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