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Mannitol 15% (Mannitol)
Osmotic diuretic that elevates glomerular filtrate osmolarity to inhibit tubular water reabsorption.
Mannitol 15% is an osmotic diuretic indicated for reducing intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and elevated intraocular pressure through osmotic gradient mechanisms. It is contraindicated in anuria, severe hypovolemia, pulmonary edema, and active intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy), with significant risks of renal failure when combined with nephrotoxic agents or other diuretics. Careful monitoring of renal function and electrolytes is essential, particularly in patients with renal impairment where elimination half-life extends to 36 hours. The drug's efficacy and safety profile depend on appropriate patient selection and avoidance of interacting medications.
At a glance
| Generic name | Mannitol |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Pfizer Inc. |
| Drug class | Osmotic diuretic |
| Target | Glomerular filtrate osmolarity; intracellular water movement |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Mannitol is a small molecular weight solute confined largely to the extracellular space. When administered intravenously, it elevates the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, which hinders tubular reabsorption of water and enhances excretion of sodium and chloride. The increase in extracellular osmolarity induced by mannitol causes movement of intracellular water to the extracellular and vascular spaces, thereby reducing intracranial pressure, intracranial edema, and intraocular pressure.
Approved indications
- Reduction of intracranial pressure
- Treatment of cerebral edema
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure
Common side effects
- Nasopharyngitis
- Lymphocyte count decreased
- Glomerular filtration rate decreased
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- COVID-19
- Haemoglobin decreased
- Hyperglycaemia
- Blood glucose increased
- Anaemia
- Influenza
- Pharyngitis
- Acute kidney injury
Drug interactions
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., cyclosporine, aminoglycosides)
- Other diuretics
- Systemic neurotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides)
- Drugs sensitive to electrolyte imbalances (e.g., digoxin, QT-prolonging drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents)
- Renally eliminated agents and lithium
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Mannitol 15% CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Mannitol 15% updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Pfizer Inc. portfolio CI