Last reviewed 2026-05-13 · How we verify

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine (Epinephrine)

Epinephrine works by stimulating the alpha-1D adrenergic receptor to increase heart rate and blood pressure, and to constrict blood vessels.

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine (Epinephrine) is a catecholamine small molecule drug that targets the alpha-1D adrenergic receptor. Originally developed, it is now owned by Ph Health and has been FDA-approved since 1948 for various indications including acute asthma exacerbation, local anesthetic nerve block, and anaphylaxis. As an off-patent medication, it is commercially available through multiple generic manufacturers. Key safety considerations include its potential for cardiovascular and respiratory effects. This medication is used to manage severe allergic reactions and asthma symptoms.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

Mechanism of action. Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action.

Approved indications

• Acute exacerbation of asthma
• Administration of Local Anesthetic Nerve Block
• Allergic Reactions
• Anaphylaxis
• Asthma management
• Bronchiectasis
• Bronchitis
• Dyspnea
• Exacerbation of asthma
• Hypotension associated with septic shock
• Local anesthesia, by infiltration
• Low blood pressure
• Open-angle glaucoma
• Pulmonary emphysema
• Wheezing

Common side effects

• Respiratory depression and arrest
• Cardiovascular collapse
• Cardiac arrest
• Unconsciousness
• Convulsions
• Hypotension
• Bradycardia
• Respiratory inadequacy
• Nausea
• Double vision
• Peripheral nerve symptoms
• Backache

Drug interactions

• Inhalational Anesthetics
• isocarboxazid
• labetalol
• linezolid
• methylthioninium chloride
• metoprolol
• nadolol
• penbutolol
• phenelzine
• pindolol
• procarbazine
• propranolol

Key clinical trials

• A Clinical Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan (I-DXd) in People With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (MK-2400-001) (PHASE3)
• Testing the Addition of the Anti-cancer Drug Venetoclax and/or the Anti-cancer Immunotherapy Blinatumomab to the Usual Chemotherapy Treatment for Infants With Newly Diagnosed KMT2A-rearranged or KMT2A-non-rearranged Leukemia (PHASE2)
• Testing Trametinib as a Potential Targeted Treatment in Cancers With GNAQ or GNA11 Genetic Changes (MATCH-Subprotocol S2) (PHASE2)
• Efficacy and Safety of Fully Resorbable Sinus Drug-eluting Stents in Patients With Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps After Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial (NA)
• Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Primary Aldosteronism in Blacks
• Treatment Strategies for IgG4-RD Patients With Superficial Organ Involvement (NA)
• Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment - Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (PHASE4)
• Parenting and CAH - 21-hydroxylase Deficiency

Patents

Primary sources

Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.

Competitive intelligence

For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:

• Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine CI brief — competitive landscape report
• Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine updates RSS · CI watch RSS
• Pfizer Inc. portfolio CI