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Intravenous Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm.
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm. Used for Cerebral edema associated with brain tumors or neurosurgery, Acute inflammatory and allergic conditions, Severe infections (adjunctive therapy).
At a glance
| Generic name | Intravenous Dexamethasone |
|---|---|
| Also known as | no other intervention, DEXAMETHASONE MYLAN code UCD 9223084 3400892230849, Dexazone, Decoin |
| Sponsor | University of British Columbia |
| Drug class | Glucocorticoid (corticosteroid) |
| Target | Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Immunology, Inflammation, Oncology (supportive care) |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Dexamethasone enters cells and binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, which then translocate to the nucleus and modulate gene transcription. This leads to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced immune cell activation and proliferation, and suppression of inflammatory responses. The intravenous formulation provides rapid systemic delivery for acute inflammatory or immunological conditions.
Approved indications
- Cerebral edema associated with brain tumors or neurosurgery
- Acute inflammatory and allergic conditions
- Severe infections (adjunctive therapy, e.g., COVID-19 with respiratory distress)
- Adrenocortical insufficiency
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis
Common side effects
- Hyperglycemia
- Insomnia and mood disturbances
- Immunosuppression and increased infection risk
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Osteoporosis (with chronic use)
Key clinical trials
- Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Versus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin Combination Therapy in Participants With Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR)-Mutated, Advanced Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Who Have Progressed on Prior EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (MK-2870-009) (PHASE3)
- A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Maintenance Treatment Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Platinum-sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (MK-2870-022/TroFuse-022/ENGOT-ov84/GOG-3103) (PHASE3)
- A Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab With or Without Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK- 2870) in Adult Participants With Resectable Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Not Achieving Pathological Complete Response (pCR) (MK-2870-019) (PHASE3)
- A Clinical Trial of Sac-TMT in People With Non-HRD Positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer (MK-2870-021) (PHASE3)
- Isatuximab, Pomalidomide, Elotuzumab and Dexamethasone in Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (PHASE2)
- Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥ 50% (MK-2870-007) (PHASE3)
- A Clinical Study of Ifinatamab Deruxtecan Based Treatment Combinations or as Monotherapy to Treat Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (MK-2400-01A/IDeate-Prostate02) (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- A Study of GR1803 Injection Versus Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (DPd) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (PHASE3)
Primary sources
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| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |