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Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immune checkpoint inhibitors block inhibitory signals on T cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors block inhibitory signals on T cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Used for Cancer (specific indication not specified in provided information).
At a glance
| Generic name | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
|---|---|
| Also known as | ICI, Chemotherapy, Cadonilimab, AK104, PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor |
| Sponsor | John L. Villano, MD, PhD |
| Drug class | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Oncology |
| Phase | Phase 3 |
Mechanism of action
These drugs work by inhibiting checkpoint proteins (such as PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4) that cancer cells exploit to evade immune detection. By removing these 'brakes' on the immune system, checkpoint inhibitors restore T cell activation and proliferation, enabling durable anti-tumor immunity. This mechanism has proven effective across multiple cancer types.
Approved indications
- Cancer (specific indication not specified in provided information)
Common side effects
- Fatigue
- Immune-related colitis
- Pneumonitis
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rash
Key clinical trials
- Testing the Addition of an Anti-cancer Drug, Copanlisib, to the Usual Immunotherapy (Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab) in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers That Have Changes in the Following Genes: PIK3CA and PTEN (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Testing the Combination of ZEN003694 and Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab in Solid Tumors (PHASE1)
- Lenvatinib or Regorafenib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Immunotherapy (REVIVE) (PHASE2)
- Testing the Combination of Copanlisib, Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Lymphoma (PHASE1)
- A Clinical Study on the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Neoantigen-based Personalized mRNA Therapy iNeo-Vac-R01 Plus PD-1 Inhibitor in Adjuvant Treatment of Liver Cancer Post Radical Resection (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Immunotherapy With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Followed by Nivolumab or Nivolumab With Cabozantinib for Patients With Advanced Kidney Cancer, The PDIGREE Study (PHASE3)
- HAIC Plus Systemic Therapy as De-escalation Therapy Strategy for Biliary Tract Cancer (NA)
- Correlation Vitamin D Level to Endocrine Autoimmune Toxicity Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- John L. Villano, MD, PhD portfolio CI