Last reviewed 2026-04-23 · How we verify

Glatiramer Acetate (DB)

Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic polypeptide that modulates immune responses by promoting the differentiation of T cells toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes, reducing attacks on myelin in the central nervous system.

Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic polypeptide that modulates immune responses by promoting the differentiation of T cells toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes, reducing attacks on myelin in the central nervous system. Used for Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with high risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

At a glance

Mechanism of action

Glatiramer acetate mimics myelin basic protein and acts as a decoy antigen, shifting the immune response from pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells toward anti-inflammatory Th2 and regulatory T cells. This immunomodulatory effect reduces the frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis by decreasing myelin-reactive T cell activation and promoting neuroprotective responses.

Approved indications

• Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)
• Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with high risk of developing multiple sclerosis

Common side effects

• Injection site reactions (erythema, induration, pain)
• Immediate post-injection reaction (flushing, chest tightness, dyspnea)
• Lipoatrophy at injection sites
• Headache
• Infection (upper respiratory, urinary tract)

Key clinical trials

• Evaluate Early Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in Delaying Conversion to Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis of Subjects Presenting With Clinically Isolated Syndrome (PHASE3)

Primary sources

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