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Dexaméthasone
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm.
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm. Used for Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), Cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, Severe COVID-19 (respiratory support requirement).
At a glance
| Generic name | Dexaméthasone |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Nantes University Hospital |
| Drug class | Glucocorticoid (corticosteroid) |
| Target | Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Immunology, Inflammation, Oncology (supportive care) |
| Phase | Phase 3 |
Mechanism of action
Dexamethasone enters cells and binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, which then translocate to the nucleus and modulate gene transcription. This leads to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced immune cell activation and proliferation, and suppression of inflammatory responses. It is a long-acting corticosteroid approximately 25–30 times more potent than endogenous cortisol.
Approved indications
- Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)
- Cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure
- Severe COVID-19 (respiratory support requirement)
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)
- Adrenocortical insufficiency
Common side effects
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertension
- Insomnia and mood disturbances
- Immunosuppression and increased infection risk
- Osteoporosis (with chronic use)
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Cushingoid features (with prolonged use)
Key clinical trials
- Testing the Addition of the Anti-cancer Drug Venetoclax and/or the Anti-cancer Immunotherapy Blinatumomab to the Usual Chemotherapy Treatment for Infants With Newly Diagnosed KMT2A-rearranged or KMT2A-non-rearranged Leukemia (PHASE2)
- A Study to Investigate Blinatumomab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (PHASE3)
- CB-839 HCl in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (PHASE1)
- Comparing the Combination of Selinexor-Daratumumab-Velcade-Dexamethasone (Dara-SVD) With the Usual Treatment (Dara-RVD) for High-Risk Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (PHASE2)
- Testing the Investigational Medication Combination of Teclistamab and Pomalidomide Compared to the Usual Treatment (Carfilzomib, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone) for Patients With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Relapsed Shortly After Treatment (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Dose Dependent Steroid Injections (PHASE4)
- Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (PHASE2)
- Testing the Investigational Medication Combination of Daratumumab and Teclistamab Compared to the Usual Treatment (Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone or Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone) for Patients With High-risk Multiple Myeloma Refractory or in First Relapse (PHASE2)
Primary sources
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| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |