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Cyclosporin (CSA)
Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation by blocking the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation by blocking the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Used for Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis, Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention and treatment, Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome).
At a glance
| Generic name | Cyclosporin (CSA) |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Sandimmune,, cyclosporin A,, CSA,, Neoral,, Gengraf |
| Sponsor | Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group |
| Drug class | Calcineurin inhibitor |
| Target | Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Immunology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Cyclosporin binds to cyclophilin and inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, preventing dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). This blocks the transcription of interleukin-2 and other cytokines essential for T-cell proliferation and immune response, resulting in broad immunosuppression.
Approved indications
- Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention and treatment
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome)
Common side effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hypertension
- Tremor
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Hirsutism
- Infections
- Neurotoxicity (headache, confusion)
Key clinical trials
- Radiation- and Alkylator-free Bone Marrow Transplantation Regimen for Patients With Dyskeratosis Congenita (PHASE2)
- Campath/Fludarabine/Melphalan Transplant Conditioning for Non-Malignant Diseases (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Rituximab Plus Cyclosporine in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (PHASE2)
- Letermovir Prophylaxis in Children With EBV-Positive T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease and Refractory/Relapsed EBV-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (NA)
- A Study to Evaluate Axatilimab Versus Best Available Therapy in Participants With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease After at Least 2 Prior Lines of Systemic Therapy (PHASE3)
- A Study to Evaluate Axatilimab Versus Best Available Therapy in Pediatric Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After at Least 2 Prior Lines of Systemic Therapy (AGAVE-256) (PHASE2)
- Study on the Efficacy and Safety of the TmBU Conditioning Regimen in High-risk or Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemia (PHASE2)
- Effect of Anti-Psoriatic Biologics on Risk of Anogenital Warts (CONDYPSO)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Cyclosporin (CSA) CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Cyclosporin (CSA) updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group portfolio CI