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Cyclophosphamide (CY)
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA strands, preventing cell division and causing cancer cell death.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA strands, preventing cell division and causing cancer cell death. Used for Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin), Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer.
At a glance
| Generic name | Cyclophosphamide (CY) |
|---|---|
| Also known as | CY, Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox |
| Sponsor | Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University |
| Drug class | Alkylating agent |
| Target | DNA (non-specific alkylation) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Oncology, Immunology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard derivative that requires hepatic activation to form active metabolites. These metabolites covalently bind to DNA, creating inter- and intra-strand cross-links that inhibit DNA replication and transcription, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. It also has immunosuppressive properties through lymphocyte depletion.
Approved indications
- Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)
- Breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Lung cancer
- Severe autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis)
Common side effects
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Alopecia
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Infertility
- Secondary malignancies
- Immunosuppression/infection risk
Key clinical trials
- Most Closely Matched 3rd Party Rapidly Generated LMP, BARF1 And EBNA1 Specific CTL, EBV-Positive Lymphoma (MABEL) (PHASE1)
- Ruxolitinib-Decitabine Intensified Conditioning Regimen for AML: A Randomized Trial (PHASE4)
- SUPRAME-ACTengine® IMA203 vs. Investigator's Choice of Treatment in Previously Treated, Unresectable or Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma (PHASE3)
- Dual-Targeting CAR-NK Cells Targeting Mesothelin (MSLN) and MUC1 in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- A Platform Protocol to Investigate Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide-Based Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Mismatched Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PHASE2)
- Natural Killer-cell Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (PHASE1, PHASE2)
- Reduced Intensity Haploidentical BMT for High Risk Solid Tumors (PHASE2)
- Study With CY, Pembrolizumab, GVAX Pancreas Vaccine, and SBRT in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (PHASE2)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
Competitive intelligence
For the full competitive landscape — auto-detected comparators, recent regulatory actions across the set, upcoming PDUFA, patent timeline, sponsor landscape:
- Cyclophosphamide (CY) CI brief — competitive landscape report
- Cyclophosphamide (CY) updates RSS · CI watch RSS
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University portfolio CI