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Cyclophosphamide (C)
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA, preventing cell division and triggering apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA, preventing cell division and triggering apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Used for Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin), Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer.
At a glance
| Generic name | Cyclophosphamide (C) |
|---|---|
| Also known as | huanlinxianan, CYTOXAN® |
| Sponsor | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University |
| Drug class | Alkylating agent |
| Target | DNA |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Oncology, Immunology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard derivative that requires hepatic activation to form active metabolites. These metabolites covalently bind to DNA, creating inter- and intra-strand cross-links that prevent DNA replication and transcription. This leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, making it effective against both malignant cells and rapidly proliferating immune cells in autoimmune conditions.
Approved indications
- Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)
- Breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Leukemias
- Multiple myeloma
- Severe autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis)
Common side effects
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Nausea and vomiting
- Alopecia
- Infertility
- Secondary malignancies
- Immunosuppression/infections
Key clinical trials
- Nivolumab in Combination With Chemo-Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma (PHASE3)
- Testing the Addition of the Anti-cancer Drug Venetoclax and/or the Anti-cancer Immunotherapy Blinatumomab to the Usual Chemotherapy Treatment for Infants With Newly Diagnosed KMT2A-rearranged or KMT2A-non-rearranged Leukemia (PHASE2)
- A Study to Investigate Blinatumomab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (PHASE3)
- Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Temsirolimus in Treating Patients With Intermediate Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma (PHASE3)
- Ibrutinib Before and After Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (PHASE3)
- Standard-dose vs Intermediate-dose Cytarabine Induction in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (PHASE3)
- Pilot Study of Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant of DOCK8 Deficiency (PHASE2)
- Radiation Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy or Pazopanib Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Non-rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas That Can Be Removed by Surgery (PHASE2, PHASE3)
Primary sources
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| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |