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Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone
This combination regimen targets multiple pathways in multiple myeloma by inhibiting proteasome function, inducing DNA damage, suppressing tumor necrosis factor, and providing immunomodulatory effects.
This combination regimen targets multiple pathways in multiple myeloma by inhibiting proteasome function, inducing DNA damage, suppressing tumor necrosis factor, and providing immunomodulatory effects. Used for Multiple myeloma (newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory).
At a glance
| Generic name | Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Velcade, genuxal, decadron |
| Sponsor | Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia |
| Drug class | Combination chemotherapy regimen (proteasome inhibitor + alkylating agent + immunomodulatory agent + corticosteroid) |
| Target | Proteasome (bortezomib); DNA (cyclophosphamide); TNF-α pathway and cereblon (thalidomide); glucocorticoid receptor (dexamethasone) |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Oncology |
| Phase | Phase 3 |
Mechanism of action
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that blocks NF-κB signaling and induces apoptosis in myeloma cells. Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent causing DNA damage. Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) that enhances T-cell proliferation and has anti-angiogenic properties. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that enhances the anti-myeloma effects of the other agents.
Approved indications
- Multiple myeloma (newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory)
Common side effects
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Thrombocytopenia
- Anemia
- Infection
- Nausea/vomiting
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Hyperglycemia
Key clinical trials
- UARK 2006-66, Total Therapy 3B: An Extension of UARK 2003-33 Total Therapy (PHASE3)
- Phase II Randomised Trial of Cyclophosphamide & Dexamethasone in Combination With Ixazomib in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. (PHASE2)
- 2015-12: A Study Exploring the Use of Early and Late Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy (PHASE2)
- Daratumumab-bortezomib-dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) vs Bortezomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (VTd), Then Maintenance With Ixazomib (IXA) or IXA-Dara (PHASE2)
- Trial for Patients Not Qualifying for TT4 and TT5 Protocols Because of Prior Therapy (PHASE2)
- UARK 2008-02 A Trial for High-risk Myeloma Evaluating Accelerating and Sustaining Complete Remission (PHASE2)
- UARK 2013-13, Total Therapy 4B - Formerly 2008-01 - A Phase III Trial for Low Risk Myeloma (PHASE3)
- Velcade (Bortezomib) Consolidation After Transplant (PHASE3)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |
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