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ADHD medications
ADHD medications work by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters (dopamine and/or norepinephrine) in the brain to improve attention, focus, and impulse control.
ADHD medications work by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters (dopamine and/or norepinephrine) in the brain to improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Used for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults.
At a glance
| Generic name | ADHD medications |
|---|---|
| Sponsor | Göteborg University |
| Drug class | Psychostimulant and non-stimulant ADHD agents |
| Target | Dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and related monoamine systems |
| Modality | Small molecule |
| Therapeutic area | Psychiatry/Neurology |
| Phase | FDA-approved |
Mechanism of action
ADHD medications fall into two main classes: stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) that increase dopamine and norepinephrine release, and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine) that modulate these neurotransmitter systems through different mechanisms. These drugs enhance prefrontal cortex function, improving executive function, attention span, and behavioral regulation in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Approved indications
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Common side effects
- Insomnia or sleep disturbance
- Decreased appetite
- Headache
- Nervousness or anxiety
- Abdominal pain
- Increased heart rate or blood pressure
- Mood changes or irritability
Key clinical trials
- Benefits of ADHD Treatment in Detained People (PHASE3)
- Predictors of Improvements in Irritability and Aggression in Children With ADHD Treated With CNS Stimulants (PHASE4)
- The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine (PHASE4)
- Expectant Moms Managing Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (NA)
- Ongoing Tai Chi Training for Children With ADHD (NA)
- Safety and Efficacy of Low Dose MM120 for ADHD Proof of Concept Trial (PHASE2)
- Improving the Outcomes of Adolescents With ADHD Via a Pre-visit Question Prompt List/Video Intervention (NA)
- Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Interventions Provided by Unlicensed Professionals (NA)
Primary sources
Every claim on this page is sourced from regulatory or scientific primary sources. See our editorial policy for full methodology.
| Source | Used for |
|---|---|
| ClinicalTrials.gov | Trial enrolment, design, endpoints, results |