{"id":"zolpidem-ir","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Drowsiness/somnolence"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"<1%","effect":"Complex sleep behaviors"},{"rate":"<1%","effect":"Amnesia"},{"rate":"variable with duration of use","effect":"Dependence/tolerance"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL3989820","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"764.88"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Zolpidem is a selective agonist at the alpha-1 subunit of GABA-A receptors, which are inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. By enhancing GABAergic signaling, it increases neuronal hyperpolarization and reduces excitability, leading to sedation and sleep initiation. This mechanism makes it effective for short-term treatment of insomnia, particularly for sleep-onset difficulties.","oneSentence":"Zolpidem binds to GABA-A receptors in the brain to enhance inhibitory neurotransmission and promote sleep onset.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:16:43.969Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Insomnia (sleep-onset difficulties)"},{"name":"Short-term treatment of insomnia in adults"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01181232","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem Modified Release Formulation Versus Zolpidem in Insomnia Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Astellas Pharma Inc","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Primary Insomnia","enrollment":132}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Stilnox"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Zolpidem IR","genericName":"Zolpidem IR","companyName":"Astellas Pharma Inc","companyId":"astellas","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Zolpidem IR is a small molecule that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor alpha-1/beta-1/gamma-2. It is used to treat conditions such as insomnia, insomnia disorder, chronic insomnia, and sleep initiation and maintenance disorders.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}