{"id":"xoi","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20–30","effect":"Diarrhea"},{"rate":"10–15","effect":"Abdominal pain"},{"rate":"5–10","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5–10","effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"By activating GC-C receptors on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, XOI increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, which triggers chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen and enhances intestinal muscle contractions. This mechanism increases stool frequency and alleviates constipation by promoting water retention in the bowel and accelerating transit.","oneSentence":"XOI is a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist that increases intracellular cGMP in intestinal epithelial cells to promote fluid secretion and bowel motility.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:39:44.710Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chronic idiopathic constipation"},{"name":"Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07116746","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of AR882 and XOI Co-administration in Uricase Treatment Failed Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Arthrosi Therapeutics","startDate":"2025-12-03","conditions":"Gout, Gouty Arthritis, Hyperuricemia","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT06995339","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Comparative Clinical and Biochemical Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Metformin Versus Febuxostat on Gouty Obese Non-Diabetic Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mostafa Bahaa","startDate":"2025-05-30","conditions":"Gout","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03226899","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Phase 4 Safety and Efficacy Study to Evaluate Lesinurad 200 mg in Participants With Gout and Renal Impairment","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2017-07-19","conditions":"Gout, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)","enrollment":242},{"nctId":"NCT04072471","phase":"","title":"Post-Authorisation Safety Study of Lesinurad","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"2021-01-29","conditions":"Gout, Hyperuricemia","enrollment":""}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":106,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["allopurinol","febuxostat"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"XOI","genericName":"XOI","companyName":"Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","companyId":"ironwood-pharmaceuticals-inc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"XOI is a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist that increases intracellular cGMP in intestinal epithelial cells to promote fluid secretion and bowel motility. Used for Chronic idiopathic constipation, Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}